Planning and evaluation.pptx

Planning and evaluation in oral health programs

1. Planning, implementation & Evaluation

2. Learning outcomes: Define planning and evaluation Enumerate types of health planning List uses of planning Understand steps in planning process Describe evaluation process

3. Two sure ways to fail Think and never do or do and never think.

4. A “Plan” is a decision about a course of action. E.C.Banfield “Planning is bringing the future into the present so that you can do something about it now” Alan Lakein

5. What is planning? Planning may be defined as a systematic approach of defining a problem, setting priorities, developing specific goal and objectives and determining alternative strategies and methods of implementation. - A plan is a blue print for taking actions. It is a decision about a course of action. It is the product of planning process.

6. Need for health planning Strike a balance between resources and needs Avoid wastage of resources To reach a goal in the smartest way Improve the health services

7. Internal planning: Carried out by individuals who belong to the same system/ organization Recruited exclusively to formulate plans for the system Advantage: Has a fair idea about the system Disadvantage: May also carry some biases. Types of planning

8. Types of planning External planning Done by personnel who are recruited from outside Works for a short period of time Either give new plans or suggest changes in the existing system to solve a problem. Advantage : Fresher look, less biases, greater sense of objectivity Disadvantage : Requires time to understand the system

9. Planning cycle

10. 1) situation Analysis(assess the needs) Collection, assessment and interpretation of information(data) in such a way as to provide a clear picture of the health situation. Primary data: interview/questionnaire/examinations Secondary data: database/records

11. 2) Determine priorities Severity Number of people affected by the disease(problem affecting large number) Lack of services/lack of use of those services. High risk groups include School children Elderly person/groups Physically & mentally handicapped

12. 3) Establishment of goals and objectives

13. 4) Assessment of resources

14. 5) Write-up of formulated plan Each stage of the plan is defined and costed, and the time needed to implement is specified. The plan must contain a working guidance to all those responsible for execution. It must also contain a “built-in” system of evaluation.

15. Program Action plan Educational Direct services: Preventive Screening Treatment 3. Organizational: change in organization infrastructure. 4. Legislation

16. 6) Programming & Implementation Definition of roles and tasks. Selection, training, motivation and supervision of the manpower involved Organization and communication

17. 7) Monitoring It is a continuous process of observing, recording, and reporting on the activities of the organization or project. Purpose of evaluation is to assess the achievements of the stated objectives of a programme, its adequacy, its efficiency and its acceptance by all parties.

18. 8) Evaluation & assessment Essential for decision making on future plan Evaluation may be defined as the systematic investigation of the merit, worth, or significance of an object or a program. It is an applied research Involves value judgments Can seldom be applied to similar problems.

19. Scriven’s classification, 1967

20. Steps in evaluation Determine what is to be evaluated Structure evaluation: Refers to program setting Process evaluation: Refers to techniques or methods employed Outcome evaluation: Impact of the program

21. Steps in evaluation 2) Establishment of standard criteria - Structural criteria: physical facilities and equipment - Process criteria: Functioning of planning - Outcome criteria: End result 3) Planning the methodology - Certain standards and criteria must be included at the planning stage which needs to be evaluated

22. Steps in evaluation 4) Gathering information: collect data regarding political, cultural, economic, environmental and administrative factors 5) Analysis of results 6) Taking action: shifting priorities, modify or revise objectives, modify plan 7) Revaluation: Evaluation is ongoing process and health activities should be more relevant, effective and efficient

23. Thank you Any questions ?