PLANNING. pptx

Planning is a deliberative, systematic phase of the nursing process that involves decision making and problem solving. In planning the nurse refers to the client's assessment data and diagnostic statements for direction and formulating client goals and designing the nursing strategies required to prevent, reduce or eliminate the client's health problems.

1. PLANNING MR. RUSHIKESH HANGE FINAL BASIC BSc NURSING

2. INTRODUCTION Planning is a deliberative, systematic phase of the nursing process that involves decision making and problem solving. In planning the nurse refers to the client's assessment data and diagnostic statements for direction and formulating client goals and designing the nursing strategies required to prevent, reduce or eliminate the client's health problems.

3. DEFINITION Planning is the process of determining the objective of administrative efforts and devising the means calculated to achieve them. - Millets

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING 6) Rationality 7)Intellectual process 8) Decision-making

5. 1) Primacy : Planning is the first and foremost activity of managerial function. Management starts with planning. Planning gives base for other functions such as organizing, staffing, directing controlling, etc. It is equally important like all other managerial functions. 2) Planning is a Process : Planning is a process of management, which starts with identification of mission and goals of the organization and ends with making arrangements for fulfilling the goal.

6. 3) Planning is all pervasive : Planning is required at all levels of management, whether top, middle or lower levels of management all required to do planning, no activity is done without a plan behind it. 4) Planning is future oriented : Planning is future oriented process, which means through planning we try to predict the future and prepare ourselves to perform better. The seeds sown today will show the result tomorrow.

7. 5) Information Base : Information is the basis of planning. With out information planning is not possible. Information about present, future and past are needed for the good planning. It will help the managers to evaluate the present and future situations and plan accordingly for the future. 6) Rationality : Planning is done based on reasons rather than emotions. That is why planning is said to be a purposeful and conscious managerial function and is backed by necessary information, understanding and knowledge. Planning decisions are made with the awareness of their consequences. Managers are unemotional in their approach to planning.

8. 7) Intellectual process : Planning is an intellectual process where thinking and analysing of the available information is done by an individual or group to predict future and make a selection from the available alternative. Plans are drawn on a careful study of internal and external factors influencing business activities.

9. 8) Decision-making : Planning involves decision-making and problem solving. It also involves identification of the issues, which needs to be addressed, collection of relevant information/facts, finding out the most appropriate alternative course of action or choice. Decisions are made based on organizational policies, programs, strategies, objectives, other plans and procedures. It also involves allocation, mobilization and commitment of resources.

10. PRINCIPLES Planning must focus on purposes. It should always be based on a clearly defined objective. Planning is a continuous and iterative process, which includes series of steps, so continuity and flexibility should be maintained in planning cycle. Planning should be simple and there should be provision for proper analysis and classification of actions.

11. 4. In planning, there should be a good harmony with organization and environment as well as factors such as political, economical, etc. 5. Planning is hierarchical in nature and must have an organizational identification. 6. Planning should be pervasive activity covering the entire organization with all its departments, sectors and different levels of administration, and it should be balanced. 7. Planning must be precise in its objective scope and nature. It should be realistic.

12. COMPONENTS OF PLANNING 1. Policies : Policies are written statements or oral understanding. In some, they are general terms for governing actions in repetitive situations. Realization of objectives is made easy with the help of policies, as policies provide standing solutions to problem. 2. Procedure : Procedure indicates the specific manner in which a certain activity is to be performed. They are more definite and specific guides to action, but only for fulfillment of objectives.

13. 3. Program : Program welds together different plans for implementing them into completely and orderly course of action. Programs are necessary for both repetitive (routine planning) and non-repetitive (creative planning course of action). 4) Budgets : Budgets are plans continuing statements of expected results in numerical terms, i.e.rupees , man-hours, product units and so forth.

14. FACTORS AFFECTING PLANNING COMPETITION : Companies that do not jump quickly into a promising product or service market may be outmaneuvered by their competitors. Planning may take a backseat to entering the profitable, emerging market for a new productor service when a company wants to beat its competitors.

15. 2) ECONOMY : The overall economy or health of the company's industry also may negatively affect a manager's ability to plan. When sudden downturns occur, planning must be stopped, adjusted or taken in a new direction. If the economy improves significantly, managers may scrap former plans and begin new ones. Managers must be flexible to changing outside economic conditions even when they are in the midst of planning a project of special interest to them.

16. 3) MANAGERS Managers themselves also affect their own planning function. If they are not good planners in general or do not have the experience, education or background in planning required to be successful, they are more likely to plan poorly. They may not fully commit to the planning process as it can be complicated and time-consuming. They also may sacrifice their visions of the long term for solving shortterm problems.

17. 4. INFORMATION : When planning occurs, it is vital to have accurate information from consumers, the market, the economy, competitors and other sources. Managers who do not have accurate and timely information are more likely to plan poorly and inadequately.

18. ADVANTAGES It helps the better utilization of resources. It helps in achieving the objectives. It helps in achieving economy in operations. It minimizes future uncertainties.

19. 5. It improves competitive strength. 6. It helps effective control. 7. It helps to give motivation to the employees.

20. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING It attempts to offset uncertainty by fore seeing the future and bringing about preparedness for the happening in the future. It focuses attention on the objectives or goals of the organization and their achievement. It leads to economy in operation through the selection of the best possible course of action.

21. It helps in controlling the activities by providing measures against which performance can be evaluated. It helps in coordinating the operations of organizations since a well-considered plan embraces and unifies all the divisions in an organization.

22. TYPES OF PLANNING Directional Planning: It is often called policy planning and is concerned with the broad general direction of the programme . Eg : State level planning at directorate or secretarial of states or union( centre ).

23. 2. Administrative planning: It is concerned with the overall implementation of the policies developed and with the mobilization and coordination of the personnel and material available in the administrative unit. Eg : Medical superintendent of major hospital are responsible for administrative planning 3. Operational planning : It is concerned with the actual delivery of the service to the community. Operational or short range planning is undertaken by middle or supervisory level personnel. Eg : Nursing personnel of all level are planning to deliver proper service either in hospital OR community.

24. 4. Strategic Planning: Usually strategic and long range planning is undertaken by the top level, which involves. Detail analysis of strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT)of organization both internal or external environment. Developing philosophy and formulation of policies and objectives. Allocation of resources on the basis of priority Evaluation of activities to increase efficiency . SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

25. MANAGEMENT PLAN PREPARATION Management Plan preparation generally involves the following steps: Pre-planning: establish the planning team, define the process to be used, find funding, and train the planning team and key stakeholders if required. Review existing information : (e.g. physical, biological, social, economic, policies, legislation) Identify : stakeholders and establish a transparent consultation process, which may involve meetings or workshops, with individual interest groups and for all stakeholders together.

26. Analyze constraints, opportunities, threats, issues, problems, and needs, and identify solutions. Formulate vision, objectives and, where appropriate, targets. Design management actions and interventions. Determine financing mechanisms, bearing in mind the need for benefit and revenue sharing with stakeholders. Establish monitoring and evaluation protocols. including a process for periodic review and revision.

27. CONCLUSION Planning is one of the major fundamental elements of administration. In planning stage, decisions are made about what needs to be done, how and when it has to be done, by whom and with what resources. Planning is an intellectual process of making decisions and it aims to achieve a coordinate and consistent set For of operations aimed at desired objectives. any work, planning is very essential. Planning is a familiar every day activity.

28. REFERENCES B.T. Basavanthappa , Management of Nursing Services & Education, 2nd Edition, Page No.70 - 80. JogindraVati , Principles and Practice of Nursing Management Administration for BSc and MSc Nursing,Second  edition, Page No.59 - 68