Plant and Animal Reproduction.ppt

TEACHING MATERIALS

1. Animal and Plant
Reproduction

2. Aftergoingthroughthismodule,youareexpected
to:
1.Identifythetypesofanimalandplant
reproduction,
2.compareanimalandplantreproductionand,
3.valuetheimportanceofanimalandplant
reproduction.

3. RECAP!!!

4. Name the parts of a flowering plant

5. _______1. How can plants reproduce
asexually naturally?
A.Using anthers
B.Using runners
C.Using cuttings
D.Using pollen

6. 2. Which of the following is NOT a form
of asexual reproduction?
A.Budding
B.Fertilization
C.Fission
D.Fragmentation

7. 3. During pollination, pollen grains are
transferred from the anther to the_____?
A.Ovary
B.Sepal
C.Pistil
D.Stigma

8. is the biological process by which new
individual organisms –"offspring" –are
produced from their "parent" or
parents.
Reproduction is a fundamental feature
of all known life; each individual
organism exists as the result of
reproduction.
Reproduction

9. Sexual reproduction
–Joining of an egg and sperm
Asexual reproduction
–A single organism replicating its
genetic material to split into two
identical organisms.

10. TYPES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Binary fission: Single parent cell doubles
its DNA, then divides into two cells.
Budding: Small growth on the surface of
the parent breaks off, resulting in the
formation of two individuals.
Ex. yeast, hydras, Jellyfish

12. Fragmentation:Organismsbreakinto
twoormorefragmentsthatdevelop
intoanewindividual.
Ex.coral,sponges,andstarfish).
Parthenogenesis:An embryo
developsfromanunfertilizedcell.Itis
amethodinwhichanewindividual
developedwithoutfertilization.
ex.ants,wasps,andbees

14. ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS

15. HOW DO PLANTS
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY?

16. Through the process of fertilization-
when male and female gametes
combine to produce offspring.
Flowering plants reproduce sexually
through a process calledpollination.

18. Asexual Reproduction
only requires DNA from one parent.
It creates offspring that are genetically
identical to the parent (clones).
Clones lack genetic diversity.
This makes them more susceptible to
disease. It also makes them less
adaptable to changes in the
environment.

19. Vegitative Reproduction
A form of asexual reproduction where
a new plant grows from parts of an
existing plant.
Fastreproduction
Examples:
–Strawberry runners
–Potato eyes and buds
–Corms
–Bulbs

20. Runners-stolon/stem grows horizontally above the ground.
The buds are formed at the nodes of runners. Ex. Strawberry,
Bermuda grass
tubers-These underground growths produce new plants from
stems or growing points called eyes. Ex. Potato, sweet potato
bulbs-are shortened underground storage structures. They
are stems that are enclosed with fleshy, concentric layered
leaves. Ex. Garlic, onion,
rhizomes-These stems grow sideways along with the soil or
just below the surface. They branch apart to produce new
points of growth. Ex. Ginger plants.

22. Artificial propagation

23. Fragmentation
is another form of asexual
reproduction.
It involves new plants growing from
small parts of the parent plant that fall
to the ground.
For example, animals or the wind can
break stems or leaves off plants. This
is one of the ways that plants like
liverworts and mosses reproduce.

24. Alternation of Generations

25. Alteration of Generations
Of Nonseed Nonvascular Plants

26. Moss reproductive
cycle

27. Alteration of Generations
Of Nonseed Vascular Plants

28. Fern reproductive cycle
Sporophyte dominant
Frond-feathery stems of a fern
Sorus-underneath the frond
–Produces spores

29. Alteration of Generations
Of Naked Seed Vascular Plants

30. Conifer reproductive
cycle
Sporophyte dominant
Heterosporous-Produces two kinds
of spores that develop into male and
female cones.
–Female cones
–Made of many scales
–2 ovules at the base of each scale
–Each ovule produces a
Megaspore which develops into
the female archegonia.

31. Conifer reproductive
cycle
–Male cones
–Made of small scales that form
microspores
–4 microspores develop into a
single pollen grain
–Pollen grains are the
male gametophyte that
are transported on air
currents

34. Alteration of Generations
Fertilization:
Nonvascular plants-Need a film of
water for the sperm to reach the
egg.
Vascular plants-Do not need
water for the sperm to reach the
egg.

35. Alteration of Generations
Of Flowering Seed Vascular
Plants

36. The Parts of a Flower
•Most flowers have
four parts:
•sepals,
•petals,
•stamens,
•Carpels
(pistils)

37. The parts of a flower
•Sepals protect the
bud until it opens.
•Petals attract
insects.
•Stamens make
pollen.
•Pistils (carpel) grow
into fruits which
contain the seeds.

39. Stamen (male)
•Anther: pollen
grains grow in the
anther.
•When the grains
are fully grown, the
anther splits open.
•Filament: holds the
anther

40. Pistil (female)
•Stigma
•Style
•Ovary
Stigma–sticky place for
pollen to attach
Style–where pollen nuclei
travels to reach the egg
Ovary–where egg is located

41. Modifications in
Flowers
Complete flowers–have all four
organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and
pistils)
–Morning glory and tiger lily
Incomplete flowers–lacks one or
more of the four organs
–Squash and corn

42. Tiger Lily –a complete flower

43. Female Squash Flower Male Squash Flower
Incomplete Flowers

44. Modifications in
Flowers
Perfect flowers-Have both stamens
and pistils (E x: Lily)
Imperfect flowers-Either have a
functioning stamen or pistil, but not
both
E x : Cucumber, Squash

45. SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
ANIMAL

46. Sexual reproduction is the production
of a new organism from two parents by
making use of their sex cells or
gametes.
Humans, fish, frogs, cats, and dogs, all
reproduce by the method of sexual
reproduction.

47. How does fertilization
take place?
When a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell
in the fallopian tube. Once fertilization takes place,
zygote is formed.
From there, the zygote will move down the fallopian
tube into the uterus.
The zygote then burrows into the uterus lining. The
stage of development between the zygote or
fertilized egg and the newly formed baby is called
embryo.

48. Internal and External
Reproduction

51. Asexual Reproduction
Following are the important features of
asexual reproduction:
No formation of gametes or fertilization
takes place.
Only one parent is involved.
The process occurs in very less time.
The offspring produced are exact copies of
the parent, there is no variation.
The growth of the offspring is rapid

52. LET’S CHECK!
1.what are the female parts of a flower?
2.Differentiate sexual and asexual reproduction
3.Enumerate the types of asexual reproduction
4.What is alteration of generation?
5.Differentiate internal and external fertilization.
6.Cite examples of animals that reproduce
asexually.

53. ASSIGNMENT
MODULE 4:
Gas Exchange in Plants and
Animals