PLANT FIBRES AND SURGICAL DRESSING.pptx123

PLANT FIBRES AND SURGICAL DRESSING, SUTURES

1. PLANT FIBRES AND SURGICAL DRESSING D- PHARM-I E.R.20 PREPARED BY MISS.RUBI S.KHAN (PRINCIPAL) DNYANDEEP COLLEGE OF PHARMACY SHITALWADI RAMTEK

2. WHAT ARE FIBRES? Fibres are elongated thick walled cells and elements which are synthesized or prepared from plant or animal and contain chain molecules. Chemically these fibres are used in textile industries for weaving of cloths as a filtering media. Generally fibres are used for the prepartion of surgical dressing, filter aid, sutures. PLANT FIBRES Plant fibres are obtained from the plants and they are thread like material. Plant fibres are also known as natural fibres . For example, cotton, jute, flax.

3. CLASIFICATION OF FIBRES Plant fibres :- e.g. cotton, banana,jute , Animal fibres :- silk, wool. Mineral fibres :- glass, asbestos. Synthetic fibres :- rayon, nylon, terylene . Define surgical dressings. Give its essential requirements. Mention uses of surgical dressing? The word surgical dressing is used to include all the materials either used alone or in combination to cover the wound. The purpose of application of surgical dressing is to protect the wound and to favour its healing process. BANDAGES:- The material which hold the dressing in desired position is known as bandages.

4. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS They should be free from loose threads, fibres . They should be durable They should be easy to handle at all stage They should be stored in dry well ventillated place at temperature not exceeding 25 degree celsius . They should be sterile. USES OF SURGICAL DRESSINGS/FUNCTION To reduce the microbial contacts and protects the infections . To provide the mechanical support and healing the tissue. They protect the wound from outside liquids. They provide ideal condition for the wound healing. They give protection to wound healing.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF SURGICAL DRESSING FIBER:- (a) medicated – eg . boric acid, wool, capsicum,wool (b) non- medicated – eg . adsorbent cotton, wool, silk. 2. FABRICS :- eg . Absorbent cotton gauge or absorbent ribbon gauge, boric acid. 3. BANDAGES medicated:- eg . Palster of paris , zinc paste. non medicated:- eg . Crepe and calico. 4. RUBBER OR OIL IMPREGNATED BANDAGES:- eg . Belladonna self adhesive plaster, zinc oxide self adhesive plaster

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT FIBER AND ANIMAL FIBER SR. NO PLANT FIBER ANIMAL FIBER 1. Obtained from the plant source. Obtained from an animal source. 2. Made up of the cellulose. Made up of the protein. 3. It is dissolved in cuoxam reagent. It is soluble in 50% KOH. 4. When burnt smell like grass or appears like burnt grass. When burnt smell like hair. 5. Have more strength. Have less strength. 6. With iodine and H2SO4 they produce blue colour . Withbpicric acid they produce yellow colour . 7. Eg . Cotton, Jute, etc. Eg . Wool, Silk, etc.

7. COTTON Synonyms- Cotton wool, surgical cotton, absorbent cotton, purified cotton. Biological source- Cotton consists of the epidermal trichomes or hairs of the seed of cultivated plant Gossypium herbaceum belonging to the Family- Malvaceae Geographical source- Cotton is produced commercially in U.S.A , Egypt, and India. It is also cultivated in various part of Africa and South America. Chemical Constituents- Raw cotton contains about 90% of Cellulose 7 to 8 % of moisture, wax, fat and remains of protoplasm. Purified cotton is entirely cellulose, with 6 to 7 % of moisture. Uses/Applications Cotton is used as a filtering medium in surgical dressing. Absorbent cotton absorbs blood, mucus, pus, and prevent wounds from infections of microbes. It is also used as an insulating materials.

8. Chemical Tests- A. Cotton is insoluble in dilute NaOH solution and HCl , it is soluble in 66% of H2SO4. B. With iodinated ZnCl solution, it becomes violet coloured. C. 0.1g of sample add 10ml of ZnCl solution and heat to 40°c fibres do not dissolve. SILK- Synonyms - fabric, sarsenet , textile. Biological source- These are the fibres obtained from the cocoons of Bombyx mori belonging to the Family- Bombycidae . Geographical source- Fine quality of silk is manufactured in Japan, Italy, China, and France. Now a days large quantity of silk is also prepared in India. .

9. Chemical Constituents - Silk contains a protein is known as f ibroin . Fibroin on hydrolysis yields amino acids glycine and alanine . Uses/Applications- It is soft smooth lustrous and holds a prestigious place among textile fibres and known as 'Queen of textile'. Raw silk is used for clothing such as shirts, suits, ties, blouses, pajamas etc. WOOL Synonyms- fleece, coat, woollen hair. Biological source- Wool fibres are obtained from the fleece of sheep Ovis aries . belonging to the Family- Bovodae . Geographical source- Large quantities of wool are manufactured in Australia, Russia, Argentina, USA and also in India.

10. Chemical Constituents- Chemically wool contains sulphur containing protein is known as keratin . Keratin is rich in amino acid cystine . Uses/Applications- It is used as water absorbable ointment base. It is the common ingredients in the water soluble cream and cosmetics. I t is widely used in the winter clothes preparation like sweaters, winter coat, cap etc. Chemical Tests Take 0.5g sample in chloroform and add 1ml acetic anhydride and 2 to 3 drops of sulphuric acid then deep green colour indicate the cholesterol presence.

11. REGENERATED FIBRES Regenerated fibres are made from the cellulosic parts of the plants by dissolving in chemicals. They are partially natural and partially synthetic, as a chemical is needed to extract these fibres. RAYON Synonyms- Regenerated cellulose, viscose rayon. Biological source- rayon is regenrated fiber prepared froim the wood cellulose or picea abies belonging to the family of pinaceae . Chemical constituent It contains cellulose and hemicellulose,Contain about 0.2-0.3 percent of ash. Uses/Applications- It is mainly used for making fabrics preparation of surgical dressing and viscose rayon absorbent wool.

12. What are sutures/ surgical suture? What are the properties of sutures? Give uses. These are the sterile threads, strings or strands specially prepared for use in surgery meant for sewing tissue together to close wound or surgical surface. PREPARATION OF SUTURES Sutures may be prepared from intestinal tissues and tendons of animals and birds, Vegetable fibres, camel hair, human hair, synthetic threads or metallic wires. PROPERTIES OF SUTURES They must be sterile. They should be non- irritant. They should have adequate strength. They should be use once only. If absorbable, their time of absorbation must be known. USES OF SUTURES Sutures are used for sewing the tissues together. Nylon sutures are used in skin and plastic surgery. Metallic sutures are used in general surgery.

13. CLASSIFICATION OF SUTURES Absorbable sutures. a. Sterile catgut. b. Sterile reconstituted collagen suture 2.Non absorbable sutures. fibres - silk, cotton. Sterile linen suture- muslin Sterile polyamide suture- nylon Sterile polyester suture- terylene Sterile stainless and silver suture- metal spring. 3. Haemostatic sutures. Oxidised cellulose. Absorbable gelatin sponge.

14. What are surgical catgut? Give the method of preparation of catgut. Surgical catgut are sterile absorbable sutures made of fibres obtained from collagen of animals. Preparation of surgical catgut First time it is prepared by the sheep intestine fibres. It is also prepared by the many cattles intestine like goat, horses, donkey, etc. Catgut sutures finally treated with the chromium salt solutions to resists body enzymes and slow down their absorbation process, this sutures are widely used in surgical procedure and it is known as chromic catgut sutures. Nowdays catgut are also prepared by synthetic absorbable polymers such as vicryl and polydioxanone .

15. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUTURES- Easily degraded by the proteolytic enzyme. Easily absorbable by the body. Do not cause any irritation and allergic reaction. Not shows any chemical reactions to the body chemicals. Maintain the tensile strength upto tissue healing. They are to be used once only. USES/APPLICATIONS  Catgut sutures are used in the surgical process at any accidental/trauma condition for blocking the excessive bleeding.  used in other surgical process like- tissue replacement, during delivery of baby, Cancer surgery, for wound healing.

16. STERILIZATION OF CATGUT Chemical sterilization/iodine method:- in this method catgut are dipped in iodine and potassium iodide solution for 24 hour. Sterilization by irradiation. Sterilization by heat. 1.Boilable catgut. 2.Non boilable catgut. DEFINE LIGATURE Ligatures are specially prepared and sterilized threads which is used without a needle for tie the blood vessels and other tissue together. Stainless steel ligatures- these are used for the tooth aligning and leveling .

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