Plant morphology

1. Dr. EDEN V. EVANGELISTA
Philippine Normal University
Plants

2. Seedless
Non vascular
Moss
Liverwort
Hornwort
Vascular
With seeds
Ferns
Lycopods
Psilophytes
Sphenopsida
W/O Flowers W/ Flowers
CycadsGinkgo
ConifersGnetum
MonocotsDicots
Plant Kingdom

4. Monocot
and
Dicot Plant

6. Monocot Plant

7. Dicot Plant

10. Apical Meristem of Coleus

16. Types of Roots

17. Tap Root

18. Fibrous Root

19. Adventitious Root

22. Root (Longitudinal section)

23. Root hairs

25. Monocot Root
(X section)

26. Dicot Root (x section)

27. Dicot Root

31. Sweet Potato

33. Adventitious
Roots

34. Adventitious Roots
of Philodendron

37. Pneumatophores

38. Prop Roots
(Corn)

40. Aerial Roots
of Orchids

43. Monocot
Vascular Bundle

45. Monocot Stem

46. Monocot Stem

48. Dicot Stem

50. Vascular Bundle

52. Phloem Xylem
Occurrence: Roots, stems and leaves Roots, stems and leaves
Additional Functions:
Forms vascular bundles with
xylem
Forms vascular bundles with
phloem and
givesmechanical strength to
plant due to presence of
lignified cells.
Elements:
Sieve tubes, companion cells,
phloem parenchyma, bast
fibers, intermediary cells
Tracheids, vessel elements,
xylem parenchyma, xylem
sclerenchyma
Nature of tissue: Living tissue Non living tissue at maturity
Movement: Bidirectional Unidirectional (upward)
Function:
Transportation of food and
nutrients from leaves
tostorage organs and growing
parts of plant.
Water and mineral transport
from roots to aerial parts of the
plant.
Structure: Tubular with soft walled cellsTubular with hard walled cells

54. Phloem is made of living  sieve-tube
elements that lack a nucleus, ribosomes, or 
vacuoles; their metabolic functions are 
provided by companion cells.
The end walls between cells (sieve plates) 
have pores for transport of sugars.

57. T.S. Tilia sp.
secondary
growth outer
layer
Dicot Stem

58. Secondary
Growth of
Stem

61. Cypress stump 
said to be 2000 yrs 
old and around 
100 ft high when 
cut 

76. Tubers are 
actually 
swollen 
portions of 
underground 
stems 
(stolons) and, 
have nodes, 
and buds.

77. Rhizomes

78. Corms are unlike stolons and
rhizomes because they
usually grow vertically,
instead of lying horizontally.
They're unlike tubers in that
tubers are typically attached
to the main plant by a slender
rootlike part of the stem, a
sort of umbilical cord, while
corms constitute the below-
ground "heart" of the plant,
the part from which
aboveground stems and
leaves directly sprout.
Gladiolus

79. Tendril: Modified Coiled Stem That
Twines Around A Support 

81. Stolons are slender
stem-branches running
horizontally away from
the main plant, either
above or below ground.

82. Water - Storing
Stems
specializing in
storing water for
the plant's use
between rains

86. Monocot and Dicot Venations

87. Phyllotaxy
( leaf arrangement)
Opposite
Alternate
Irregular Whorled

88. Simple Leaf
Netted Venation
Simple Leaf
Parallel Venation

89. Palmate Leaf Palmate Leaf - Trifoliate
Pinnately Compound Pinnately Compound
Bipinnate

91. Monocot Leaf
Bulliform Cells

92. Dicot Leaf

93. Stomatal impression of
corn

95. Modified leaf
– for storage

97. Bulbs

98. Bulbs can be considered to be very short stems
encased in thickened, fleshy bulb scales (which are
modified leaves). As the drawing below shows, the two
basic bulb types are layered and scaly:

99. LAYERED BULBS are composed of a series of
fleshy scales that form concentric rings when the
bulb is cut in cross-section.

100. SCALY BULBS, such as
the lily bulb have fleshy
bulb scales, which are
modified leaves loosely
clustered around the stem
base.

101. Poinsettia

102. Bougainvillea

103. Mussaenda sp.

104. Aloe

105. Venus Fly Trap

106. Pitcher Plant
- Nepenthes -

107. Tendrils

108. Kalanchoe

109. Gumamela Flower – Hibiscus rosasinensis

110. Cauliflower

111. Dicot Flower Monocot Flower

112. Rosa sp.

114. Stargazer

115. JadeVine
Stongylodon elmeri
LEGUMINOSAE

116. Rafflesia arnoldii
measuring up to 150 cm (42 inches)
weighing up to 10kg

117. Leafless when flowering
Amorphophallus sp.

118. Allium

119. Amorphophallus
Anthurium

120. Anthurium
Shows an open heart and
hospitality

121. Male flowers
Female flowers

122. Dendrobium

123. Caesalpini
a

124. Mimosa pudica

125. Amherstia nobilis
Queen of the
flowering plants

126. Dicot Flower

129. Rice

131. Types of Inflorescence
Raceme PanicleSpike
Umbel
Corymb

132. Types of Inflorescence
Solitary
Head or
Capitulum
Cyme

133. Sunflower
Heliathus annuus

136. These flowers can be classified into :
Regular or Disc Florets
-All petals have same size
-They form the central disk of the capitulum in
typical daisies
-Usually surrounded by an outer ring of ray florets
Disc floret, typical for
flowers of the Family Asteraceae
A. ovary
B. pappus
C. theca
D. ligule
E. style with stamen

137. ●Irregular or Ray Florets
-Usually pistillate or sterile, and have three or
fewer teeth on the extended portion of the corolla
Ray floret, typical for
flowers of the Family Asteraceae
A. ovary
B. pappus
C. theca
D. ligule
E. style with stamen

138. Puya raimondii
Bolivian bromeliad
longest inflorescence

139. Hypanthodium

140. Fruits

148. Pome
Drupe

149. Samara

150. Hesperidium
Berry

151. Follicle

152. Legume
Nuts

153. Pea pod

154. Placentation
Axial
Parietal

156. Dry
indehiscent
fruit

158. Multiple fruits
- Nangka

162. Coconut

164. Caryopsis

166. Pollen Grains

167. Male gametophyte

170. Stages of growth and development of the embryo

176. 1. Water – The testa
ruptures when exposed to
water
2. Oxygen – Required for
respiration
3. Heat – suitable
temperature required to
stimulate germination
Seed germination
Three factors needed for
seed germination:

177. Thank You