Plant nematode disease presented by shyam saini

nematodes disease of plant
ear cockle disease of wheat,molya disease of wheat and root -knot disease of vegetable

1. University of kota NEM A TODE PLANT DISEAS E Presented by:- shyam lal Saini M.Sc . Botany fourth sem .

2. Nematode study of free living and plant parasitic nematodes is known as nematology. Father of nematology : H.C.Bastins. Nematode: It derived from two Greek worlds: •Nema = Thread •Oides = Like Means thread like organisms also known as Eelworm or round worm because round in cross section.

3. P lant nematode disease 1. Ear cockle disease of wheat P athogen :- Anguina tritici Frist time reported by J.T.Needham,1743. T his Nemotode association with a Clavibactertritici is caused yellow ear root or Tandu disease of wheat. The seed galls have 3000-12000 second stage juveniles in a quiescent stage. it frist feed as ectoparasitically & after three moults it becomes endoparasitic.

4. Symtoms:- seedling leaves are twisted and crinkled. seedling may stunted and die. plant show profuse tellering and infested plant ears almost 30-40 days before healthly plants. Finally seed are replaced by galls. The most important character pf this nematode is the conversion of grains in to cockles or galls.

5. Management:- Salt floatation: Use of 20 % salt ( brine ) solution for washing of seed is very effective control method. H ot water treatment ; 54 for 10 minutes. Crop rotation also useful method to escape infestation of nematode.

6. 2. Cereal cyst ( molya disease ) nematode Pathogen :- Heterodera avenae Frist time reported by Wollenweber, 1924 . Females have zig-zag pattern or lace like pattern on body known as cyst wall pattern. Symptoms:- Plants are small in leanth and large patches, or larger areas up to several acres or entire fields are stunted and chlorotic.

7. Roots are locally thickened and highly branched . If the frequecy of nematodes are hing in the field than cultivated plant density are less .

8. Managment :- crop rotation with mustard ,chicj pea is most effective control because it is very host specific . Early sowing escape to damage. D eep ploghing is destroyed quiescent eggs of nematods. G row resistant varieties e.g.for wheat : Raj MR-1

9. 3. Knot – root disease of vagetable Pathogan :- Meloidogyne spp. Frist reported by Barkley 1855 from cucumber. In India it reported by Barber in 1909 on tea (kerala). Means melon and apple shaped female . I n meloidogyne the perineal pattern present on vulva-anus which is helpful in species identification. S ex differentiales occurs in late second juvenile stage where the genital primordial is become ‘ V ‘ shaped in female and ‘ T ‘ shaped in male . second juvenile is only infective stage in meloidogyne.

10. ‘ Spike tail ‘ in meloidogyne : it is succeeding molting of second , third and fourth stage juveniles of meloidogyne spp. M ost of species of meloidogyne completed life cycle within in 25 days at 25-30 and 7-8 overlapping generation completed in a year. Symptoms :- The reaction to the entrance of the larvae is the development of hypertrophy of cortical cells and formed 6-10 giant cells from which it derives food .

11. Nematode secrete protease enzyme results break down protein into amino acid (tryptophan) which is a ‘precursor of IAA’ is important and responsible for creating hormonal imbalance at site of reaction. D ue to excess IAA formation at feeding site cause gall/knot on roots.

12. Deep ploughing in may-june is very effective to kill quiescent Juvenile2 stage. Control:- G row resistant varieties:- for tomato = Hissar lalit,SL-120 F or brinjil = Black beauty , Neelkantha B iological control of meloidogyne: F ungus : Paecilomyces lilaeinus B acteria : Pateuria penatrans BT. KURSKTAKI:-also effective against meloidogyne spp.