Plant pathology (phytopathology)

Also be referred as “PHYTOPATHOLOGY”.
•A science that study plant disease
•The disease are caused by pathogens (infectious diseases) and environmental conditions (physiological factors)
•Improve the chances of plant survival

1. Govt. EVPG College Korba Department of Botany Paper IV History & Development Of Plant pathology Guided By: Dr. Renu bala sharma Prepared by: Vinay Kant Kanwar

2. Plant Pathology (Phytopathology) Definition & Terms History & Development

3. Outline Plant pathology definition Plant disease definition Plant diseases classification Important Terms History and Development of plant pathology

4. Plant Pathology •Also be referred as “ PHYTOPATHOLOGY ”. •A science that study plant disease •The disease are caused by pathogens ( infectious diseases) and environmental conditions (physiological factors) •Improve the chances of plant survival

5. Plant Disease “Disease is a malfunctioning process which is caused by some continuous irritation in which result some suffering producing symptoms ”

6. Healthy Plant Vs. Diseased plant

7. Classification of plant disease Infectious Non-infectious

8. Infectious disease A disease that is caused by a pathogen that can spread from a diseased to healthy plant Disease that is caused by living organism . E.g . Pectobacterium atrosepticum (potato pathogen)

9. Non infectious disease •Disease that is caused by non living organism •Could not be spread to other healthy plant E.g. Factors: Too low/High Temperature Lack/Excess of soil moisture Air Pollution Nutrient Deficiencies Mineral toxicities Soil acidity or alkalinity

10. Importance of plant disease Losses caused by different pest in crops PEST LOSS(%) Weed 33 Disease 26 Insects 20 Storage pest 7 Rodents 6 Others 8 TOTAL 100

11. Diseases Triangle

12. Important terms Pathogenicity Capacity of a pathogen to cause disease. Pathogenesis Chain of events hat lead to development of disease in the host . Sign Pathogen seen on a host plant. Symptom External & Internal reaction of a plant as a result of a disease. Virulent Strongly pathogenic. Virulence Degree of pathogenicity of a given pathogen. Avirulent (non-virulent) Non-pathogenic. Infection Establishment of a parasite within a host plant.

13. Latent infection Infected with pathogen but doesn't show SYMPTOMS . (A-symptomatic ) Inoculum To bring a pathogen into contact with a host plant . Culture Artificially grow micro-organism on a prepared food material. Isolation Separation of a pathogen from host. Penetration Initial invasion of a host by a pathogen.

14. Disease Cycle

15. History of plant pathology Ancient Period DARK Period ( 300AD- 1300AD ) Pre-modern Period (17 th – 19 th ) Modern Period History and Development of plant pathology

16. Ancient Period IN  ANCIENT TIMES Aristotle , Plato's student, recorded  plant diseases   as early as 350 B.C., and his colleague Theophrastus observed and speculated about  diseases  of cereals, legumes, and trees .

17. Dark Period 300AD and 1300AD Also called pre-renaissance period in history No increase in knowledge of plant pathology

18. Pre-modern 1675 A. D.- Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Holland ) Invented compound microscope in 1675 In 1683 he described bacteria seen with this microscope

19. 1729 A. D.-Pier Antonio Micheli (Italian ) Observed fungal spores for the first time and conducted many spore germination studies in 1729 He published a book “ Nova Plantarum Genera ” in which he gave descriptions about 1900 species in Latin out of which 900 were fungi.

20. 1845 - Irish Potato famine due to Phytophthora infestans caused starvation of million and immigration of 1.5 million people death . 1861 - Anton de Bary (Germany) worked out the life cycle of potato late blight and first to prove experimentally Phytophthora infestans is the cause of potato late blight. He is the Father of Modern Plant Pathology

21. 1904 – R. H. Biffen first to show that resistance to pathogens in plants can be inherited as a Mendelian character; pioneer in genetics of plant disease resistance. 1918 - E.J.Butler published book on Fungi and Disease in Plants ; he made exhaustive study on Indian fungi and the diseases caused by them . Father of Modern Plant Pathology in India

22. D . D. Conninghum & A. Barclay – Start study and identification of fungi . J . F. Dastur (1886-1971 )- First Indian Plant Pathologist. He worked on Caster and Potato diseases caused by Phytophthora . B . B. Mundkar (1948)– He worked on development of disease resistant varieties against wilt of cotton and identification and classification of Indian smut fungi. Established Indian Phyto pathological Society in New Delhi . ● K. C. Meheta – Worked on Rust in India. ● S. P. Raychoudhary - Worked on Viral plant diseases . ● Y. L. Nene- Reported Khaira Disease of rice . ● R. S. Singh- Wrote a famous book - ‘ Plant Disease ’ .

23. IMPORTANT EVENTS IN PLANT PATHOLOGY 1845-46 Late Blight of Potato/Irish famine 1867 Coffee Rust in Sri Lanka 1869 Coffee Rust in Southern India 1918-19 Brown Leaf Spot of Rice in Delta of Krishana & Godawari rivers 1938-39 Red Rot of Sugarcane 1943 Brown leaf spot of rice/Bengal famine 1956-57 Rusts in Bihar

24. Reference P.D. Sharma (Book) R.S. Mehrotra Plant pathology

25. Thank You