Plant Phyla

Altered from a different Slideshare ppt for my middle school life science class.

1. Plant PhylaPlant Phyla

2. But before we get into phyla . . .But before we get into phyla . . .
To what domain do plants belong?To what domain do plants belong?
EUKARYA!!EUKARYA!!
To what kingdom do plants belong?To what kingdom do plants belong?
Plants (Plantae)Plants (Plantae)
What are some characteristics that ALL What are some characteristics that ALL
plants share?plants share?
–Cell nuclei (Eukarya)Cell nuclei (Eukarya)
–Cell wallsCell walls
–MulticellularMulticellular
–PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
–Sexually ReproducingSexually Reproducing

3. Introduction to PlantsIntroduction to Plants
Plants are classified into four main group:Plants are classified into four main group:
1.1.Mosses and LiverwortMosses and Liverwort (Bryophyta) (Bryophyta)
2.2.FernsFerns (Pteridophyta) (Pteridophyta)
3.3.Conifers Conifers (Gymnosperms)(Gymnosperms)
4.4.Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants (Angiosperms) (Angiosperms)
–All are different in appearance, structure and All are different in appearance, structure and
behaviour.behaviour.

5. Mosses - Mosses - BryophytaBryophyta
Mosses are non-vascular plants -- they Mosses are non-vascular plants -- they
cannot transport fluids through their bodies. cannot transport fluids through their bodies.
Instead, they must rely on surrounding Instead, they must rely on surrounding
moisture to do this job for them. moisture to do this job for them.
Though small in stature, mosses are very Though small in stature, mosses are very
important members of our ecosystem. important members of our ecosystem.
They lay the foundations for other plant They lay the foundations for other plant
growth, prevent erosion, and contribute to growth, prevent erosion, and contribute to
the lush green appearance of many forested the lush green appearance of many forested
areas. areas.

6. Mosses - 2Mosses - 2
The 24,000 bryophyte species, sometimes The 24,000 bryophyte species, sometimes
grouped into a single phylum are now grouped into a single phylum are now
grouped in three phyla: grouped in three phyla:
1.1.MossesMosses ( (BryophytaBryophyta), ),
2.2.LiverwortsLiverworts ( (HepatophytaHepatophyta) and ) and
3.3.HornwortsHornworts ( (AnthoceraphytaAnthoceraphyta). ).
They reproduce by They reproduce by sporesspores, never have , never have
flowers, and can be found growing on the flowers, and can be found growing on the
ground, on rocks, and on other plants.ground, on rocks, and on other plants.

7. MossesMosses

8. Liverworts and HornwortsLiverworts and Hornworts

10. Life Cycle of the Moss Life Cycle of the Moss

11. The Fern - The Fern - PteridophytaPteridophyta
Ferns have a vascular system to transport fluids Ferns have a vascular system to transport fluids
through their bodies but like the mosses, they through their bodies but like the mosses, they
reproduce from spores rather than seeds. reproduce from spores rather than seeds.
The main phylum, the The main phylum, the FernsFerns ( (PteridophytaPteridophyta) )
includes around 12,000 species.includes around 12,000 species.
Three other phyla are included as fern allies: the Three other phyla are included as fern allies: the
HorsetailsHorsetails, , Club MossesClub Mosses and and Whisk FernsWhisk Ferns
Ferns also have a Ferns also have a gametophytegametophyte and and sporophytesporophyte
stage, but the gametophyte stage is very short.stage, but the gametophyte stage is very short.

16. Conifers - Conifers - GymnospermsGymnosperms
The gymnosperms reproduce from seeds instead of The gymnosperms reproduce from seeds instead of
spores. spores.
The seeds, however, are "naked" (Greek: The seeds, however, are "naked" (Greek: gummnosgummnos) -- ) --
not covered by an ovary. not covered by an ovary.
Usually, the seed is produced inside a cone-like Usually, the seed is produced inside a cone-like
structure such as a pine cone which is why they are structure such as a pine cone which is why they are
called "conifer." called "conifer."
Some conifers, such as the Yew and Ginko, produce Some conifers, such as the Yew and Ginko, produce
their seeds inside a berry-like structure. their seeds inside a berry-like structure.
Conifers are fairly easy to identify: In addition to Conifers are fairly easy to identify: In addition to
cones, these trees and shrubs typically have needle-like, cones, these trees and shrubs typically have needle-like,
scale-like or awl-like leaves. scale-like or awl-like leaves.
And they NEVER have flowers. And they NEVER have flowers.

17. Conifers - 2Conifers - 2
Approximately 600 species are counted as conifers Approximately 600 species are counted as conifers
including the pines, firs, spruces, cedars, junipers, including the pines, firs, spruces, cedars, junipers,
and yew. and yew.
Species within the conifer ranks give us pine nuts -- Species within the conifer ranks give us pine nuts --
pesto's magic ingredient -- as well as juniper berries pesto's magic ingredient -- as well as juniper berries
for gin. for gin.
Conifer allies include three small phyla containing Conifer allies include three small phyla containing
fewer than 200 species all together: fewer than 200 species all together:
GingkoGingko ( (GinkophytaGinkophyta))
CycadsCycads ( (CycadophytaCycadophyta) ; ) ;
And herb-like cone-bearing plants (And herb-like cone-bearing plants (GnetophytaGnetophyta) )
such as Ephedra. such as Ephedra.

18. Angiosperms (Flowering Plants): Angiosperms (Flowering Plants):
FamiliesFamilies
Seed bearing plants of the Order Seed bearing plants of the Order
Angiosperm are further classified into plant Angiosperm are further classified into plant
families.families.
Plants belonging to the same family share a Plants belonging to the same family share a
common trait, usually based on flower common trait, usually based on flower
structure.structure.
The most important and common families The most important and common families
are detailed next:are detailed next: