Plant Propagation Methods

Plant Propagation Methods

1. Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur Department of Agriculture ‘ Plant Propagation Technique of orchard crops ’ Presented by: Dr. Sunil Prajapati Assistant Professor (Agriculture)

2. Plant propagation “The art and science of multiplying plants by sexual or asexual means.” Types of Propagation Sexual Asexual (A).Sexual Propagation By Seeds Male and female gamete fused Meiosis division take place Chromosome numbers reduced to half

3. Advantages of Sexual propagation Simple and easy Create diversity Long life cycle Express tolerance against stress Rootstock preparation e.i. Papaya and Coconut Disadvantages of Sexual propagation Not true to type Plant possess long juvenile phase Plant are heighted and gigantic in nature Obtain inferior quality yield Parental disease transmission

4. Disadvantages of Asexual propagation Short life Lessen diversity Disease transmission e.i . citrus tristeza (B). Asexual Propagation Cuttings Budding Grafting Inarching Layering Specialized structures Micro propagation

5. Cuttings Stem cutting Root cutting Leaf cutting Stem cutting:- 1. Hard wood cutting 1 yr old Slant cut up side 10-15 cm long shoot Grape, fig, pomegranate, roses, bougainvillea, Durante gold

6. 2. Semi-hard wood cutting 4 -9 month old shoot 7-20 cm long shoot 500 ppm IBA hormone Mango, Jackfruit, lemon, Aonla

7. 3. Soft wood cutting 2-3 month old shoot Practice under mist chamber 10-15 cm shoot length Apple, Peach, Guava

8. 4. Herbaceous cutting Mostly in ornamental plants Coleus, Alternantheria spp.

9. Root cutting:- 2-3 cm thickness shoot 10-15 cm length Practiced in rainy season i.e. Apple, pear, guava, bael. Leaf cutting:- Applicable in ornamental plants Begonia, bryophyllum, sansevieria, crassula ,

10. Budding The process of connecting scion which is a bud and rootstock in a manner such that they may unite and grow successfully as one plant is term as budding. Active bud Active sap flow Rootstock 1-2 yr old Bud(Scion) Rootstock

11. Shield budding- Boat shape/T-shaped (2.5-3 cm length ) Incision on internodes Wrap with 300 gauge poly rose ,apple pear, peaches, apricot, cherry, sweet orange,

12. Patch budding- Thick barked plant Incision square or rectangular shape cut and bud Jackfruit, aonla , mango, jamun, chestnut, etc.,

13. Chip budding- Applicable if lack of sap flow (summer) Taken bud along with wood i.e. Apple, pear, grapes

14. Ring budding- Ring shape bark containing bud is taken out No wrapping is required Ber, peach, morus Modified ring budding- A vertical cut on scion Guava ,ber, walnut, and pecan nut

15. Forkert budding- The vertical flap of bark is left intact with lower portion of rootstock. The flap of bark removed after unite. Mango, jackfruit, cashew nut. Modified Forkert budding- The flap of bark still attached after unite Mango, jackfruit, cashew nut

16. Grafting Grafting is a technique of propagation in which scion stick and rootstock is connected in a manner such that they may unite and subsequently grow and develop as successful plants.

17. Veneer grafting Shoot as scion 10-15 cm long V-shaped incision at lower portion Defoliated before 10-15 days Unite in 3-4 weeks Mango, jackfruit, cashew nut

18. Whip grafting Scion-stock and rootstock with same thickness Walnut, apple, pear Tongue grafting Modification of whip Apple, pear and walnut

19. Cleft grafting Oldest tech of top working Suitable for straight giant wood plant Top working tree is about 2-10 cm thickness Waxed the scion stock Mango, grape Wedge grafting Also used for top working of old tree V wedge shaped incision of 5 cm Mango, grape

20. Bridge grafting Useful in repairing damage collar region of plant Apple, pear, cherry, walnut Epicotyls /stone grafting Seedling prepared Coppery leaf stage Mango

21. Bark grafting - Ber , guava, apple

22. Inarching It is also called as attached method of grafting . In contrast to other method, in this method the scion is detached after completion of union. e.i . Mango, jackfruit, sapota, loquat, custard apple.

23. Layering It is a technique of propagation in which a portion of plant is forced to produce adventitious root while it still remain attached to mother plant. In this process, a single portion of plant constitute root and shoot. Upon emergence of roots the shoots is separated from mother plants , survived in nursery for some time and then planted in the field.

24. Types of Layering 1. Simple layering 1 yr old shoot 4-5 months root remerged out Guava, 2. Serpentine/Compound layering 2.5-4 cm bark removed

25. 3 . Mound / Stooling layering Apple, guava, pear 4. Trench layering woody species

26. 5. Tip layering Blackberries and raspberries 6. Air layering Guava, citrus, litchi, jackfruit cashew nut, ficus, crotons

27. Natural modification of Layering 1. Runners Raspberry, blackberry 2. Suckers Suckers is shoot, developed by adventious bud on roots. Raspberry , blackberry ,

28. 3.Stolon It is modified stem Mint, Bermuda grass 4. Offshoots Date palm, pineapple, banana

29. Separation and Division 1. Bulb Underground storage organ Onion, garlic , tulip 2. Corm Swollen underground structure having nodes and internodes Gladiolus, lily

30. 3.Rhizome Specialized stem structure, Grow just below the surface Banana, lily, blueberries, Ginger, turmeric 4. Tuber Modified stem, under ground Potato, Jerusalem artichoke, Dioscorea,

31. Separation and Division 5. Tuberous root Thickened tuberous growth that function as storage organ Sweet potato, cassava, dahlia

32. THANKS