PLANT QUARANTINE IN INDIA AND ABROAD

Plant Quarantine is a legal restriction on movement of agricultural commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or delay in the establishment of plants, pests and diseases in the area where they are not present.
Plant quarantine is thus designed as a safeguard against harmful pests/pathogens exotic to a country or a region. Information regarding PLANT QUARANTINE IN INDIA AND ABROAD is essential. By Anand Daunde

1. PLANT QUARANTINE IN INDIA AND ABROAD
by
A. T. Daunde
Department of Plant Pathology
College of Agriculture, Parbhani,
VNMKV, Parbhani

2. Introduction
•Latinwordsquarantum;quarantagiorni
•Quarantine=40days
•PlagueepidemicinEurope(1347-53)
A. T. Daunde2
Dubrovnik
(Venice), Croatia

3. •Whatisplantquarantinefor?
•Definition:Alegalrestrictiononmovementofagricultural
commoditiesforthepurposeofexclusion,preventionor
delayintheestablishmentofplants,pestsanddiseasesin
theareawheretheyarenotpresent.
•Plantquarantineisthusdesignedasasafeguardagainst
harmfulpests/pathogensexotictoacountryoraregion
A. T. Daunde3

4. Importance of plant quarantine
•Anumberofforeignpestsenteredsubcontinentintheearlytwenties
becauseofinadequatequarantinecontrol.
•ThesignificanceofPlantQuarantinehasincreasedinviewof
GlobalisationandliberalisationinInternationaltradeofplantsand
plantmaterialinthewakeofSanitaryandPhytosanitary(SPS)
AgreementunderWTO.
•Preventtheintroductionandspreadofexoticpeststhataredestructive
tocropsbyregulating/restrictingtheimportofplants/plantproducts
•Tofacilitatesafeglobaltradeinagriculturebyassistingtheproducers
andexportersbyprovidingatechnicallycompetentandreliable
phytosanitarycertificatesystemtomeettherequirementsoftrading
partners.
•Pathogensofminorconsequenceintheirnativeenvironmentsmaybe
destructiveinanewenvironment.
•PQisvitaltopreventtheintroductionofnon-indigenouspestsand
diseasesintoacountry,ortointerceptanderadicatethembeforethey
canbewidespreadandwell-established.
A. T. Daunde4

5. Pests and Diseases which have been introduced
world wise
A. T. Daunde5

6. PestsandDiseasesintroducedinIndiafrom other
countries
A. T. Daunde6

7. Exotic pests can cause huge losses to our crop
wealth
A. T. Daunde7

8. History of Plant Quarantine

9. •Mid-1600s:agroupofFrenchfarmersnotedthatwheatrustwas
alwaysmoresevereonwheatnearbarberrybushesthanaway
fromthem.
•1660:alawwasenactedinRouen,France,orderingtheeradication
ofbarberryplantsfromthevicinityofgrainfields.
•FrenchGovt.promulgatedthefirstPQlawin1860tosuppressand
preventthespreadofcommonbarberry,thealternatehostfor
wheatrust.
•ThefirstBritishlegislationagainstadiseaseinanimalsorplantswas
anActof1866grantingemergencypowersforthedestructionofall
cattleaffectedbyrinderpestwhichhadbeenintroducedintoBritain
byimportedRussiancattlethepreviousyear.
•AnembargowaspassedinGermanytopreventimportationofplant
andplantproductsfromtheUStopreventtheintroductionofthe
Coloradopotatobeetle(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)in1873.
A. T. Daunde9

10. •1877:theUnitedKingdomDestructiveInsectsActwaspassed
topreventtheimportationoftheColoradobeetle.
•1891:thefirstplantquarantinemeasurewasinitiatedinUSby
settingupaseaportinspectionstationatSanPadro,California.
•1912:theUSCongressenactedtheFederalPlantQuarantine
Act,whichamongotherthings,prohibitstheentryofplantsinto
theUnitedStates.
•Itwasphylloxeragalllouse(Phylloxeravastatrix)thatprovided
theinitialstimulusfortheestablishmentofeffectiveinternational
cooperationonplantdiseaselegistation.Theaphidwas
introducedintoEuropefromAmericaabout1865andcaused
majorlossesinthevineyardsofFrance.
•Thefirstinternationalplantprotectionconvention,the
PhylloxeraconventionwassignedatBerneon3November
1881.
A. T. Daunde10

11. •GreatIrishFamine
•16Century-Potatointroducedasgarden
crop
•Late17century–Supplementaryfood
•Early18Century–Staplefood
•1843-44Newdiseasenoticed
•1845CompletefailureofcropduetoLate
blightofpotato(Phytophthorainfestans)
•Impact(1845-1854)
LeadtoGreatFamine
Deathof1millionduetostarvation
1millionmigrated
A. T. Daunde11

12. Toppling of Grape vine Industry in Europe
•PowderymildewintroducedintoFrancewithimported
Americangrapevine-1850causedseverelosses
•ResistantrootstocksfromAmericain1854–leadto
introductionofrootinhabitingaphid–Phylloxerravastatrix.
•RootaphidresistantvarietiesimportedfromUSA–
infectedwithdownymildew(Plasmoparaviticola)&black
rot(Guignardiabidwellii)
•Impact:Manyabandoned vineproductionand
migratedtoAlgeriaandothercountries
A. T. Daunde12

13. After Effects in Europe….
•ThegrapeproductioninFrancegreatlydeclineddueto
theseintroducedpests,especiallywiththedownymildew
infection,
•FrenchGovernmentin1913passedregulationtoban
theimportofplantingmaterialsfromAmerica
•After1stPlantQuarantineregulationpassedinFrance,
manycountriesinEuropefollowedinsuccessionto
regulatetheimportofplantingmaterials.
A. T. Daunde13

14. Origin of International PQ Agreements
•EarlyPQRegulations
InitiallystartedasProhibition
•1878:FirstconferenceofmeetingatBerne,Switzerland
attendedbyFrance,Austria,France,Germany,Italy,Portugal,
Spainandtheoutcome“InternationalConventionon
MeasurestobetakenagainstPhylloxeravastatrix”
•1914:Firstefforttowardsinternationalagreementofplant
protectionin1914
•1919:50countriesparticipated&finalized–issuanceand
acceptanceof‘PhytosanitaryCertificate’
•1951:FAOsponsoredIPPC
Indiabecameamemberin1952
Asofnow182countriesaremembers
A. T. Daunde14

15. India
•TheawarenesstoquarantinemeasuresinIndiastartedin
early20thcenturywhentheIndianGovernmentin1906
orderedcompulsoryfumigationofimportedcotton
balestopreventintroductionofMexicancottonboll
weevil(Anthonomusgrandis).
A. T. Daunde15

16. •1914–DestructiveInsectsandPests(DIP)Act
•1946–PlantQuarantineprocessingofexoticgermplasminitiatedat
thethenImperialAgriculturalResearchInstitute(nowIndian
AgriculturalResearchInstitute)forPlantIntroductionScheme.
•1956–PlantQuarantineUnitsintheDivisionofEntomologyandPlant
PathologyestablishedatIARI,NewDelhi.
•1961–PlantIntroductionDivisionestablishedinIARI;germplasm
exchangeandplantquarantineactivitiesincreasedmanifold.
•1967–DivisionofNematologyestablishedatIARI,whichhoused
Nematologyunitofplantquarantine.
•1976–NBPGRestablished.
•1981–Post-entryquarantineofimported(chemicallytreated)wheat,
barleyandtriticalestartedinisolationnursery.
•1983–Post-entryquarantinefordetectionofseedtransmittedviruses
inexoticlegumesstarted.
A. T. Daunde16

17. •1984–Plants,FruitsandSeeds(PFS)(Regulationof
ImportintoIndia)OrderissuedunderDIPAct.
•1988–NewPolicyonSeedDevelopment(NPSD)
announced,resultinginincreasedimportofseedmaterial.
•1989–PFSOrder(1984)revisedtomeetthe
requirementsofNPSDandincreasingimports.
•2003-PlantQuarantine(RegulationofImportintoIndia)
Order.
A. T. Daunde17

18. The Destructive Insects and Pests Act, 1914
Anacttopreventtheintroductionintoandthetransport
fromonestatetoanotherinIndiaofanyinsect,fungusor
otherpestwhichisormaybedestructivetocrops.
•Powertomakerules
•Penalties
A. T. Daunde18

19. The New Plant Quarantine Order, 2003
•ThedevelopmentofthenewPlantQuarantine(Regulation
ofImportintoIndia)Order,2003(referredtohereafteras
"thenewOrder")reflectstheprimaryplantquarantine
concernsoftheGovernmentofIndia.
•Theseare:
•topreventtheintroductionandspreadofexoticpests
thataredestructivetothecountrybyregulatingtheimport
ofplantsandplantproductsthroughadequatepolicyand
statutorymeasures
•tosupportIndia'sagriculturalexportsthroughcredible
exportcertification
•tofacilitatesafeglobaltradeinagriculturebyassisting
producers,exportersandimportersandbyproviding
technicallycomprehensiveandcrediblephytosanitary
certification.
A. T. Daunde19

20. Agencies involved in Plant Quarantine
•DirectorateofPlantProtection,QuarantineandStorage,
Faridabad
•NationalBureauofPlantGeneticResources(NBPGR),
NewDelhi
•CropspecificResearchInstitutesofIndianCouncilof
AgriculturalResearch(ICAR).
•HeadofPlantPathologyDivisionofStateAgricultural
Universities(SAU)
•StateAgriculturalandHorticulturalDepartments
A. T. Daunde20

21. Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage
•Established(1946)asanattachedofficeunder
DepartmentofAgricultureandCooperation(DAC),
MinistryofAgriculture,GovernmentofIndia
•Headquarters:Faridabad-121001(Haryana)
•Head:PlantProtectionAdviser
•Website:www.ppqs.gov.in
•Theorganizationhandlesbulkimportandexportofseed
andplantingmaterialforCommercialpurposes.
•PQmandates
•Legalpreventionofpestsofquarantinesignificance.
•Eradication,suppressionandcontainmentofexotic
pests.
•Fulfillingobligationsofimportingcountriesby
certificationofexportableplants/plantproducts
A. T. Daunde21

22. Plant Quarantine Stations
•NationalPlantQuarantineStation(NPQS),Rangapuri,
NewDelhi
•RegionalPlantQuarantineStations:
Amritsar,Chennai,Kolkata,Mumbai
•75NotifiedpointsofentryatvariousSeaports(42),
Airports(19)andLandfrontiers(14)
•65InlandContainerDepots
•11ForeignPostOffices
A. T. Daunde22

23. Structure of
DPPQS
A. T. Daunde 23

24. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR)
•Establishment:January1976
•Headquarters:NewDelhi
•Web:www.nbpgr.ernet.in
•Thenationalnodalagencyforexchangeofgermless,
materialofagri-horticulturalandAgri-silviculturalcropsfor
researchpurposesinthecountry.
•Ithasalsobeenentrustedwiththequarantine
responsibilitiesinrespecttogermplamsoftheircrops.
•TheDirectorofNBPGRhasbeenempoweredtoissue
“Permits”forimportsofseeds/plantingmaterialsfor
Researchpurpose.
A. T. Daunde24

25. Inspection Procedures followed in quarantine station
•Visualinspection-Todetectsclerotia,nematodegalls,buntgalls,
smuts,insectinfestations,weedseeds,insecteggs,inertmateretc.
•X-raytest-Insectinfestation(hidden)
•Washingtest-Sporesoffunguseggsofinsectadheringtoseeds,
nematodegalls
•Sedimentationtest-Stemeelwarm(Ditylenchusdipsaci)(Baerman
FunnelTest)
•Incubationtest-Seedbornefungi/bacteria(Blotter/agartest)
•Growouttest-Seedbornebacteria/viruses/downymildews
•Electronmicroscopy-Potentiallyusedforidentificationand
characterizationofallplantviruses.
•Serologicalmethods:ELISA,DIBA,ISEM,Agglutinationtest.
•Nucleicacidhybridization
•PolymarisedChainReaction(PCR)
A. T. Daunde25

26. Fumigation
•Fumigantslikemethylbromide,HCN,phosphineand
EDCT(ethylenedichloride+carbontetrachloridemixture)
arecommonlyused.
A. T. Daunde26

27. Plant Quarantineand Fumigation Stations
A. T. Daunde27

28. Heat treatment
•Hotwatertreatmentorhotairtreatmentarealsousedinquarantinefor
eradicationofinsects,mites,nematodes,fungi,bacteriaandviruses.
Thebasicprincipleinvolvedisthattreatmenttemperatureshouldbe
sufficientlyhightokilltheassociatedpest/pathogenbutnotthehost.
However,inmostcases,marginofsafetyisverynarrowand,
therefore,thetemperatureshouldbeveryaccuratelycontrolled.
•Somerecommendedhotwatertreatmentsare:
•Againstnematodes:Flowerbulbs,44°Cfor240min;chrysanthemum,
48°Cfor25min;potatotubers,45°Cfor5min
•Againstinsectsandmites:strawberryrunners,46°Cfor10min
•Againstviruses:Grapevine,45°Cfor120-180min;sugarcanesetts,
50°Cfor120min.;potatotubers,50°Cfor17min
•Againstfungi:Celeryseed,50°Cfor25min;wheatseed,52-54°Cfor
10min
A. T. Daunde28

29. Import flowchart
A. T. Daunde29

30. Export flowchart
A. T. Daunde30

31. Guidelines for Import of Germplasm
•Importfromacountrywherethepathogen(s)isabsent.
•Importfromacountrywithanefficientplantquarantineservice,sothat
inspectionandtreatmentisdone.
•ObtainPlantingmaterialfromthesafestknownsourcewithintheselected
country.
•Obtainnon-treatedseedssothatdetectionofseedbornepathogensis
facilitated.
•Obtainclean,healthy-lookingseedsoftypeofimpurities.
•Obtainanofficialcertificateoffreedomfrompestsanddiseasesfromthe
exportingcountry.
•Importthesmallestpossibleamountofplantingmaterial;thesmallerthe
amount,thelessthechanceofitscarryinginfection.Itwillalsosimplify
postentryinspection.
•Inspectmaterialcarefullyonarrivalandtreat.
•Ifotherprecautionsarenotadequate,subjectthematerialtointermediate
orpostentryquarantine.
•Salvageinfectedseeds.
A. T. Daunde31

32. Viralpathogensinterceptedingermplasmimporting
A. T. Daunde32
KhetarpalandGupta, 2005

33. A. T. Daunde33
KhetarpalandGupta, 2005

34. A. T. Daunde34
KhetarpalandGupta, 2005

35. Schedules attached to PQ Order, 2003
A. T. Daunde 35

36. Schedule-I
[See Clauses 2(xxii), 3(13) and 3(14)]
Points of Entry for Import of plants/ plant materials and other articles
A. T. Daunde36

37. A. T. Daunde37

38. A. T. Daunde38

39. Schedule-II
[See Clauses 2(xxii), 3(13) and 3(14)]
Inland Container Depots and Container Freight Stations for import of plants/ plant
materials
A. T. Daunde39

40. A. T. Daunde40

41. Schedule-III
[See Clauses 2(xxii), 3(13) and 3(14)]
Foreign Post Offices for import of plants/ plant materials
A. T. Daunde41

42. Schedule-IV
[See clause 3 (2), 10(2) and 11(1)]
Plants/planting materials and countries from where import is prohibited
A. T. Daunde42

43. A. T. Daunde43
1.Prohibitedforgeneralpublic:Coconutplantsandseeds,coffeeplantsand
seeds,cottonseedsandunginnedcotton,foresttreeseed(Castanea,Pinus,
Ulmus),groundnutseedsandcuttings,potato,sugarcane,tobaccoseeds
andwheatseeds.
2.Plants/seedswhichrequirepostentryquarantine:Cocoa,citrus,coconut,
groundnut,potato,sugarcane,sunflower,tobaccoandwheat.

44. Schedule-V
See clause 3 (3)(6)(7) and 10 and 11 (3)]
List of plants and plant materials restricted import permissible only with the recommendation of
authorized institutions with additional declarations and special conditions
A. T. Daunde44
3.Additionaldeclarationsrequiredfornotifiedplants

45. •Plants/plantmaterialspermittedtobeimportedwithadditional
declarationsandspecialconditions;ImportPermitsare
required.(Schedule-VI)
•Plants/PlantingMaterialswhereImportsarepermissibleonthe
basisofphytosanitarycertificateissuedbytheexporting
country;NoImportPermitisrequiredtobetaken(Schedule-
VII)
A. T. Daunde45

46. Schedule-VIII
[See Clause 3 (12)]
List of Quarantine Weed Species
A. T. Daunde46

47. •Schedule-IX
•ImportInspectionFees
•Fumigation/Disinfection/Disinfestation
•Supervisioncharges
A. T. Daunde47

48. Schedule-X
[See Clause 2(xii) and Clause 3(3)]
Permit Issuing Authorities for Import of Seeds, Plants and Plant Products and other
articles
A. T. Daunde48

49. Schedule-XI
[See clause 2 (xi)] PART -I
Inspection Authorities for Certification of Post entry quarantine facilities
and inspection of growing plants
A. T. Daunde49

50. Part II
Inspection authority for certain specified purposes
A. T. Daunde50
•Head, Advance Center for Plant
Virology, IARI, PUSA, New Delhi
•Head, Indian Institute of Horticultural
Research, Hesarghatta, Bengaluru
•Head, Institute of Himalayan Bio-
resources Technology, Palampur,
Himachal Pradesh
Tissue Culture raised plants

51. Schedule-XII
[See clause 3 (4)]
Quantities of seeds
permitted for trial
purpose/accession to
gene bank of National
Bureau of Plant
Genetic Resources
A. T. Daunde 51
Crop Species Multi-location Trials
(MLT) (Kg)
Agronomic Trials
(AT)(Kg)
MLT+ AT (Kg)
Accession To gene
bank
1.Blackgram 6.0 14.0 20.0
200/2500
2.Castor 6.0 9.0 15.0 900/4500
3.Chickpea 30.0 70.0 100.0 800/2500
4.Cowpea 10.0 20.0 30.0 300/2500
5.Greengram 6.0 14.0 20.0 500/2500
6.Groundnut
(Pod)
50.0 100.00 150.00 900/2500
7.Lentil 10.0 20.0 30.0 70/2500
8.Linseed 10.0 15.0 25.0 15/2500
9.Maize 10.0 10.0 20.0 700/4500
10.Minormillet 4.0 6.0 10.0 15/4500
11.Niger 4.0 4.0 8.0 10/4500
12.Paddy ----- ----- 16.0 50/2500
13.Pearlmillet 2.0 3.0 5.0 15/4500
14.Peas 30.0 70.0 100.0 600/2500
15.Pigeonpea 6.0 14.0 20.0 400/2500
16.Rajmah 20.0 30.0 50.0 500/2500
17.Rape/ Mustard 2.0 3.0 5.0 6/2500
18.Safflower 4.0 6.0 10.0 100/4500
19.Sesamum 2.0 3.0 5.0 6/2500
20.Sunflower 4.0 6.0 10.0 100/4500
21.Sorghum 4.0 6.0 10.0 35/4500
22.Soybean 20.0 55.0 75.0 400/2500
23.Wheat ----- ----- 5.0 150/2500

52. Notified points of entry
•Theconsignmentsofplants/plantmaterialforconsumptionshallbepermitted
importthroughtheentrypointsnotifiedvideSchedule-I,Schedule-IIandSchedule-
IIIofPlantQuarantine(RegulationofImportintoIndia)Order,2003.
•Theimportofseeds,plants,cuttings,bulbsandotherplantingmaterialsfor
propagationpurposearepermittedtoimportonlythroughRegionalPlant
QuarantineStationsofAmritsar,Chennai,Kolkata,MumbaiandNationalPlant
QuarantineStation,NewDelhi.
•Alltheregulatedarticlessuchasliveinsects,microbialcultures,bio-controlagents
andsoil,earth,clayandsimilarmaterialformicrobiological,soilmechanicsor
mineralogicalinvestigationsandpeatforhorticulturalpurposesshallonlybe
importedintoIndiathroughRegionalPlantQuarantineStationsatAmritsar,
Chennai,Kolkata,MumbaiandNewDelhiaspertheprovisionsunderClause
3(14)ofPQOrder,2003.
•TheportofentrythroughAlleppey(Kerala),Cuddalore(TamilNadu),Goa(Goa),
Gopalpur(Orissa),Jamnagar(Gujarat),Beypore(Kerala),Karwar(Karnataka),
Krishnapatnam(AndhraPradesh),Machlipatnam(AndhraPradesh),Nagapatnam
(TamilNadu),Navlakhi(Gujarat),Okha(Gujarat),Porbander(Gujarat),Veraval
(Gujarat)ispermittedonlyforimportofconsignmentsoffoodgrainsbyFood
CorporationofIndia.
•ImportofTransgenic/Germplasm/GeneticallyModifiedOrganismsshallbe
permittedonlythroughNewDelhiAirportaspertheprovisionsunderClause3(14)
ofPQOrder,2003.
A. T. Daunde52

53. Procedures of Plants Quarantine
A. T. Daunde53

54. •Rulesandregulationsissuedprohibitingthemovementof
insectsanddiseasetheirhostfromonestatetoanotherin
India.
•Domesticquarantineisasimportantastheinternational
quarantine,therefore,plantingmaterialshouldbemoved
fromonestatetoanotherorfromoneplacewithinastate
toanotherunderstrictphytosanitaryconditions.
•Regulations:
•DestructiveInsectsandPests(DIP)Act,1914
•Undersection4AoftheDIPAct,thereisaprovisionof
DomesticQuarantinetorestricttheinter-statemovement
ofnineinvasivepests
A. T. Daunde54

55. Pests covered under Domestic Quarantine
Regulations
A. T. Daunde55

56. •DomesticQuarantinemaybedefinedastherestrictionimposed
byPlantQuarantineauthoritiesinassociationwithState
machineryontheproduction,movementandexistenceofplants
andplantingmaterialandisbroughtunderregulationinorderto
preventtheintroductionorspreadofapest.
•InthewakeofWTO-SPSAgreement,itisofmoreparamount
importancetomaintain“PestfreeArea”togainexportmarket
accessindifferentcountrieswithouttheneedforapplicationof
additionalphytosanitarymeasures.ThePFAestablishedand
maintainedasperInternationalStandardsformsanelementof
justificationofphytosanitarymeasures.
•UndertheDIPAct,1914therehavebeendifferentnotifications
fromtimetotimerestrictingthemovementofplantandplanting
materialduetotheintroduction&partialestablishmentof
invasivepestsincertainareasofthestate.
A. T. Daunde56

57. Quarantine Processing of Exotic PGR
A. T. Daunde57

58. International Quarantine
•InternationalStandardsforPhytosanitaryMeasuresare
preparedbytheSecretariatoftheInternationalPlant
ProtectionConventionaspartoftheUnitedNationsFood
andAgricultureOrganization’sglobalprogrammeofpolicy
andtechnicalassistanceinplantquarantine.
•ThisprogrammemakesavailabletoFAOMembersand
otherinterestedpartiesthesestandards,guidelinesand
recommendationstoachieveinternationalharmonization
ofphytosanitarymeasures,withtheaimtofacilitatetrade
andavoidtheuseofunjustifiablemeasuresasbarriersto
trade.
A. T. Daunde58

59. The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
•IPPCisamultilateraltreatyforinternationalcooperationin
plantprotection.
•Establishment:1952
•Headquarters:Rome,Italy
•Members:182
•IPPCwork:standardsonpestriskanalysis,requirements
fortheestablishmentofpest-freeareas,andotherswhich
givespecificguidanceontopicsrelatedtotheSPS
Agreement.
A. T. Daunde59

60. A. T. Daunde60
IPPC: International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures(ISPMs); provide guidance
to the member countries in implementation national program and fulfilling
requirements of the IPPC.
Developed for plantquarantine in international trade, risk analysis, monitoring,
eradication and plant health certificates.The standards are binding.
IPPC: Regional Plant Protection Organizations function as coordinating bodies in the
different continents (article IX of the text revised in 1997)
The IPPC works together with

61. Regional Plant Protection Organization (RPPO)
Thefunctions:
•Coordinationandparticipationinactivitiesamongtheir
NPPOsinordertopromoteandachievetheobjectivesof
theIPPC
•Cooperationamongregionsforpromotingharmonized
phytosanitarymeasures
•Gatheringanddisseminationofinformation,inparticularin
relationwiththeIPPC
•Cooperationindevelopingandimplementinginternational
standardsforphytosanitarymeasures.
A. T. Daunde61

62. Regional Plant Protection Organization (RPPO)
A. T. Daunde62

63. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection
Organisation (EPPO)
•ThePlantProtectionOrganizationforEuropeandthe
Mediterraneanisaninternationalorganizationwith51
membercountries.
•Responsibleforthecooperationofitsmembercountriesin
mattersofplantprotection.
•Intheareaof​​planthealth,theEPPOdevelopsstrategies
fortheintroductionandtransportofdangerousharmful
organisms.
•EPPOGlobalDatabaseisanonlinedatabasethat
providesinformationaboutthenamesofabout50000
plantsandpests.
A. T. Daunde63

64. Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission
(APPPC)
•Establishment:inNovember1955andenteredintoforce
on2July1956.
•Membership:Twentyfivecountries
•Australia,Bangladesh,Cambodia,China,Democratic
People'sRepublicofKorea,Fiji,France,India,Indonesia,
Laos,Malaysia,Myanmar,Nepal,NewZealand,Pakistan,
PapuaNewGuinea,Philippines,RepublicofKorea,
Samoa(Western),SolomonIslands,SriLanka,Thailand,
Timor-Leste,Tonga,VietNam
A. T. Daunde64

65. •StructureandOrganization
•ThePlantProtectionAgreementforAsiaandPacific
Regionisanintergovernmentaltreatyandadministeredby
theAsiaandPacificPlantProtectionCommission.
•Chairperson&Secretariat:coordinates,organizesand
followsuptheworkoftheCommission.
•ForimplementationoftheAgreement,theCommission
hasestablishedstandingcommittees:
Plantquarantine
Integratedpestmanagement
Pesticides
A. T. Daunde65

66. A. T. Daunde66

67. General conditions
•Importpermitsareessentialfor
•Seedsandfruitsforconsumption
•Seedsandplantsforsowingorplanting
•Soil,earthclayformicrobiological,mineralogical
investigations
•Peatforhorticulturalpurposes
•Liveinsectsandf.Livingfungiinpureculture,including
Rhizobiumcultures.
•AllplantsshouldbeaccompaniedbyPhytosanitary
certificatefromthecountryoforigin.
A. T. Daunde67

68. •Allplantsonarrivalatport,shallbeinspectedandif
necessaryfumigated,disinfestedordisinfected
•Plantsandseedswhichrequirepost-entryquarantine
inspectionshallbegrowninpost-entryquarantine
facilities
•Importofhayorstraworanymaterialofplantoriginused
forpackingisprohibited.
•Importofsoil,earth,compost,sand,plantdebris
alongwithplants,fruitsandseedsisprohibited.
•Note:
Cutflowers,garlands,bouquets,fruitsandvegetables
weighinglessthan2kgforpersonalusemaybeimported
withoutapermitorphytosanitarycertificate,butaresubject
toinspection.
A. T. Daunde68

69. Special Conditions for Certain Notified Plants
•ProhibitedPlantSpecies
•Thelistofprohibitedplantspeciesfromspecifiedcountries
coveredunderPlantQuarantine(RegulationofImportinto
India)Order,2003(PQOrder)givingjustificationforprohibitions
isreproducedinSchedule-IV.
•RestrictedPlantSpecies
•Listofplants/plantmaterialsimportofwhicharerestrictedand
permissibleonlybyauthorizedinstitutionsspecifyingvarious
additionaldeclarationsisreproducedinSchedule-V.
•PlantsPermittedImportWithSpecificAdditional
Declarations
•Alistofplantspecies,forwhichthePPAprescribesadditional
declarationsandspecialconditions,arereproduced
inSchedule-VI.Besides,thisalistofplantspeciesfor
consumptionpurposeisreproducedinSchedule-VII.
A. T. Daunde69

70. A. T. Daunde70
Phytosanitary Certification

71. Time line for Plant Quarantine activities for import of
plants/plant materials
A. T. Daunde71

72. Time line for Plant Quarantine activities for export of
plants/plant materials
A. T. Daunde72

73. Pest Risk Analysis
•Pestriskanalysis(PRA)isaprocesswhichhelpsto
assesstherisksofentry,establishmentandspread
potentialofexoticpests.
•PRAhelpstoidentifytheoptionstopreventtheentryand
managementoptionsintheeventofpestestablishment.
•TheinternationalstandardsbroughtoutbyIPPCserveas
guidanceforcarryingoutPRA
•GuidelinesforPestRiskAnalysis(ISPM2)
•PestRiskAnalysisforQuarantinePests(ISPM11)
A. T. Daunde73

74. Import control
•Regulationsofimportingcountry
Embargoes
Inspectionofseedlots
PostEntryQuarantine(PEQ)
A. T. Daunde74

75. Post Entry Quarantine
•Growingofplantsinisolationforanyspecifiedperiodina
glass-houseandafacility,areaofnursery,approvedby
thePlantProtectionAdviser
•Purpose
•Tofacilitateadoptionofstandardoperatingproceduresby
alltheinspectionauthoritiesnotifiedbytheMinistryof
Agriculture
•Topreventtheintroductionandspreadofdestructive
peststhataffectsplantsandotherplantmaterial
•Examinethecontainerandtheseedsforpesticide
residue
A. T. Daunde75

76. Export control
•Regulationsoftheexportingcountry
Fieldinspectionoffieldcrops
Inspectionofseedlots
Seedtreatment
Phytosanitarycertificate
A. T. Daunde76

77. Intermediate quarantine
•ThethirdcountryquarantinelocationsarePlantquarantine
facility,GlennDale,US
•Sub.tropicalHorticulturalResearchunit,Miami.
•KewbotanicalGardens,UK.
•RoyalImperialinstitute,Wageningen,Netherlands.
•IRATatNogentsurMarne,France.
•TheUSservesasthethirdcountryforthe
internationalexchangeofcoffee,tea,rubberandcocoa.
A. T. Daunde77

78. Pest surveillance in Plant Quarantine
•Pestsurveillanceshouldbeanintegralcomponentofplant
quarantineservicestomakethemusefulandeffective.
•Pestsurveillanceisessentialtodetectoccurrenceof
exoticpest/diseaseintheearlystagesoftheirintroduction
soastoadoptedandenforcedomesticquarantine
regulationtowardofftheirfurtherspreadortocheckthe
movementofseedandseedmaterialtootherareas.
A. T. Daunde78

79. •LackoforganizedservicesofPQatstatelevel
•LackofinertstateborderPQcheckpostsatrailwayand
roadlinks
•LackofconcernedandcoerciveactionatthestateGovt.
level
•Lackofrigorousseed/stackcertificatesornursery
inspection.
•NeedforallcountriestoreachanequallevelinPQ,in
termsoftechnologyandequipment.
•Aninternationalnetworkonquarantinepestmonitoringis
alsoneeded,tomeetthegrowingdangerofexoticpest
invasionasaresultofgrowinginternationaltourismand
trade,andthelong-distancemigrationofinsectpests.
A. T. Daunde79

80. Conclusion
ThePQmeasuresactsasanimportanttoolin
excludingpestsanddiseasesfromthecrop.Effective
implementationofquarantineishighlyemphasizedfor
managementofpestsanddiseases,whichinturnhelpsin
maintainingtheproductivityofcrops.
A. T. Daunde80

81. Thank you