Plant Tissue Culture and its History.ppt

History of Tissue Culture

1. Plant Tissue Culture

2. History

3. What’s the history?
1838 – Schwann and Schleiden put
forward the theory which states that cells
are totipotent, and in principle, are capable
of regenerating into a complete plant.
Their theory was the foundation of plant
cell and tissue culture.

4. 1902 – Haberlandt conducted the first but
unsuccessful attempt of tissue culture
using monocotyledons. (known as father
of PTC)
1926 - FW Went demonstrated that there
were growth substances in coleoptiles
from oats.

5. A. Germination of an oat seed
B. Decapitate tip of coleoptile and place on agar block.
C. Agar block is placed on top of the decapitated tip of the
seedling (what happens?).
D. Agar block is placed on the side of the leaf on the
decapitated tip of the seedling (what happens?).

6. 1934 - White generated continuously
growing culture of meristematic cells of
tomato on medium containing salts, yeast
extract, sucrose and 3 vitamins
(pyridoxine, thiamine, nicotinic acid).
This established the importance of
additives in tissue culture.

7. 1939 - Successful continuously growing
cultures of carrot and tobacco.
1948 - Formation of adventitious shoots and
roots in tobacco.

8. 1952 - Virus-free Dahlia through meristem
culture.
1952 - First successful micrografts.

9. 1953 - Miller and Skoog discovered
kinetin, a cytokinin that plays an active role
in organogenesis.
1953 – Haploid callus of Ginkgo biloba
produced from pollen.

10. 1954 – First plant grown from a single cell.
1957 - Discovery that root or shoot
formation in culture depends on auxin:
cytokinin ratio.

11. 1958 – Regeneration of somatic embryos
in vitro from citrus.
1958 - Pro-embryo formation in callus
clumps and cell suspension of carrot.

12. 1960 - Enzymatic degradation of cell wall
for protoplast formation.
1960 - Vegetative propagation of orchids
by meristem culture.

13. 1962 - Development of
the Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium.
Folke K. Skoog 1908–2001

14. 1965 – Induction of flowering in tobacco
tissue in vitro.
1966 - Steward demonstrated totipotency
by regenerating carrot plants from single
cells of tomato.

15. In the 60’s and 70’s - Murashige cloned
plants in vitro:
Raised haploid plants from pollen grains in many
plant species.
First achievement of protoplast fusion
In the 70’s and 80’s - beginning of genetic
engineering.

16. 1970 - Power et al. successfully achieved protoplast fusion
-1971 - Takebe et al. regenerated first plants from
protoplasts
-1972 - Carlson produced first interspecific hybrid of
Nicotiana tabacum by protoplast fusion
-1974 – Reinhard introduced biotransformation in plant tissue
cultures
-1977 - Chilton et al. successfully integrated Ti plasmid DNA
from Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plants
- 1978- Melchers et al. carried out somatic hybridization of
tomato and potato resulting in pomato

17. -1981- Larkin and Scowcroft introduced the term somaclonal
variation
-1983 - Pelletier et al.conducted intergeneric cytoplasmic
hybridization in Radish and Grape
-1984 - Horsh et al. developed transgenic tobacco by
transformation with Agrobacterium
-1987 - Klien et al. developed biolistic gene transfer method for
plant transformation
-2005 - Rice genome sequenced under International Rice
Genome Sequencing Project
*************************************************************************