Plants and animal breeding: improvement Management

plants breeding

1. Plant and Animal Breeding and Selection for Quality Improvement and Management

2. Introduction Plant and Animal Breeding and Selection for Quality Improvement and Management is a process of intentionally choosing and mating plants or animals with desirable characteristics to create offspring that inherits those characteristics. This improves the overall quality of plants and animals by selecting for various advantageous characteristics.

3. What is plant breeding? Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of qualities in plants to create new varieties with a set of desired characteristics. Plants into which one or more genes from another species have been introduced are known as transgenic plants.

4. Advantages of Plant Breeding Enhancement in yield Resistance from diseases Improved nutritional content Better adapted to environmental conditions More productive Withstand challenges (poor light, water, temperature, humidity and nutrition.)

5. Disadvantages of Plant Breeding Loss of genetic diversity Potential for unintended consequences A lot of time and resources are required Ethical and social concerns

6. Methods of Plant Breeding Traditional breeding : Traditional methods involving controlled pollination and selection. Hybridization : Cross-breeding of two genetically different plants to create hybrid vigor . Mutation breeding : Inducing mutations using radiation or chemicals to create new varieties. Genetic engineering : Manipulating plant DNA to introduce desirable traits.

7. Steps in Plant Breeding Selection of parents with desired traits . Crossbreeding to combine the desirable traits . Selection of offspring based on desired traits . Repeated cycles of selection and breeding to stabilize the desired traits. Evaluation of new varieties for yield, quality , and adaptability .

8. What is Animal Breeding? Mating of good quality animals to produce highly productive and suitable animals for enhancement of overall performance in the subsequent generations and to augment production and profitability is termed animal breeding.

9. Advantages of Animal Breeding Increased meat quality More milk production Disease resistance Enhancement in temperament Improvement in overall genetic makeup and performance of animals

10. Disadvantages of Animal Breeding Inbreeding depression Loss of natura traits Limited gene pool A lot of time and resources are required

11. Methods of Plant Breeding Selective breeding : Choosing superior animals as parents for the next generation. Inbreeding : Mating closely related animals to concentrate desirable traits. Crossbreeding : Breeding animals from different breeds to combine favourable traits. Artificial inseminatio n : Introducing semen from selected males into females.

12. Steps in Animal Breeding Evaluation of individual animals for desired traits . Selection of superior animals as breeding stock . Controlled mating between selected animals . Monitoring the offspring for desired traits . Continual selection and mating to improve the overall population .

13. Challenges in Breeding and Selection Genetic diversity : Maintaining diverse gene pools to avoid inbreeding depression. Time and resourc es: Breeding and selection processes require substantial time and investment. Ethical considerations : Balancing genetic improvement with animal welfare and societal concerns.

14. Applications of Breeding and Selection Crop improvement : Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient varieties. Livestock improvement : Enhancing meat quality, milk production, and disease resistance. Conservation : Breeding endangered species to ensure their survival. Ornamental Plants and Pets: Breeders focus on developing new varieties with visually appealing traits, such as unique colours, patterns, and shapes.

15. Conclusion Breeding and selection enhance desired traits, leading to improved quality in plants and animals. Genetic improvement through selective breeding helps develop superior varieties and breeds over generations. Breeding programs contribute to the adaptation of plants and animals to specific environmental conditions. Disease resistance can be enhanced through targeted breeding efforts. Improved productivity and efficiency are achieved through selective breeding. Breeding programs aid in conserving genetic diversity within populations. Responsible breeding practices promote sustainable agriculture. However, disadvantages such as reduced genetic diversity and inbreeding depression need to be addressed through careful management.

16. THANK YOU BY: HARGUNPREET SINGH OF: IX B