Plants tissue culture for medical plan .

Plants tissue culture

1. Introduction Phosphorus (P)

Phosphorous consider يعتبر as an essential macronutrient for plant growth النمو النبات it called “the key of the life مفتاح الحياة Generally عموما the quantity كمية of Pin plant tissues is less هي اقل من كمية than quantity of N, K, and Ca, amount of P in plant ranged between (0.2-0.5%), its amount in seeds may reach 1.5%.

because of the direct effect التاثير المباشر and great role والدور الكبير of in most reactions معظم تفاعلات النبات in the plant

2. Such as photosynthesis, nucleus formation, cell division, seeds formation, organizing of reactions تنظيم التفاعلات formation of RNA that transfers ينقل genetic properties الخصائص الوراثية ATP and ADP which are the sources of energy for plant, and most organic materials المواد العضوية of plant contain phosphorus.

3. 1- Like nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is an essential part جزء اساسي لعملية of the process of photosynthesis. 2- Involved يشارك in the formation of all oils, sugars, starches, etc. 3- Helps with the transformation تحويل of solar energy الطاقة الشمسية into chemical energy; proper plant نضوج النباتات تماما maturation 4- (P) Promotes cell division, mechanical strength, maturation/seed, and disease resistance مقاومة الامراض ... Functions of Phosphorus

4. 5- Encourages blooming يشجع التزهير and root growth.

6- Phosphorus often comes ياتي from fertilizer, and superphosphate.

7- Phosphorus is necessary for seed germination, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and metabolism العمليات الايضية in plants. Phosphorus is a component مكون of RNA and DNA,. It is essential for flower and fruit formation. Functions of Phosphorus

5. source phosphate was ground up bones and teeth (=forms of calcium phosphate).

P it is immensely immobile in soil. This is because many of its salts are highly insoluble, ie bones! Phosphates are if anything even less soluble. Iron, aluminium Fe3+ + PO43- => FePO4, insoluble

P fertilisers once applied can be locked up in the soil without plants getting any benefit. Acid solutions (such as superphosphate) are the problem: acidity mobilises Fe, Al which them immobilise P. This process is confusingly called phosphorus fixation. Source of phosphate

6. Superphosphates Single superphosphate (8.6%P): CaH4(PO4)2 Triple superphosphate (20% P): CaH4(PO4)2

Ammonium phosphate: (NH4)2PO4, NH4HPO4

- Available forms: Available forms PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4- Fertilizers

7. P absorption influenced by: pH, humidity, Ca concentration, organic material, present high amount from Fe and Al.

8. Deficiency Symptoms – P

1. Pis mobile active in plant tissues (Deficiency occurs in older leaves

2. Leaves appear dark green الاخضر الداكن blue ‎‫ الارجواني الاحمر or red-purple الاخضر المزرق green‬‎ especially on the underside of the lower side and especially at the midrib and vein

3. dark, purplish Arjuna color on older leaves. Phosphorus Deficiency. Symptoms

9. Deficiency Symptoms – P

4 decrease نقص in growth

5 Small صغر root growth, spindly stalk Weak stalk and poor fruit Weak fruit development and seed development

6- Slow maturity, delayed maturity. Slow and delayed results Toxicity of P

Excess P: causes deficiency symptoms of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn

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