Plasma proteins_ Dr.Muralinath_Dr.c. kalyan

THIS TOPIC HAS 15 SLIDES

1. Dr.E.MURALI NATH AssociateProfessor Dept. Of PHYSIOLOGY College of V entering ary Science Proddatur Andhra ptadesh

2. Plasma proteins Serum albumin Serum globulin Fibrinogen The serum consists of particularly albumin and globulin. The fibrinogen is observed in serum because of its conversion into fibrin especially during the process of blood clot. Due to this, the albumin and globulins are generally termed as serum albumin and serum globulin PLASMA PROTEINS

3. NORMAL VALUES T he normal values of plasma proteins include Serum albumin 4.7 g/dL – 7.3 g/dL ( 6.4 to 8.3 g/dL) Serum globulin 2.3 g/dL Fibrinogen 0.3 g/dL Total Proteins 7.3 g/dL ( 6.4 to 8.3 g/ dL)

4. ALBUMIN GLOBULIN RATIO The ratio between plasma level of albumin and globulin is termed as Albumin/ Globulin ( A/G ) ratio. This ratio informs about a very diseases related to kidney or liver. Normal A/G ratio is 2:1.

5. METHODS OF SEPARATION OF PLASMA PROTEINS Cohns Fractional Precipitation Method Electrophoretic Method Gel Filtration Chromatography Immunoelectrophoretic Method Precipitation Method Sating Out Method Ultra Centrifugation Method

6. PROPERTIES & ORIGIN PROPERTIES OF PLASMAPROTEINS INCLUDE Buffer Action Molecular weight Oncotic pressure Spoecific Gravity   SITE OF ORIGIN OF PLASMA PROTEINS INCLUDE In EMBRYO IN ADULTS

7. ANCTIONS OF PLASMA PROTEINS Role in coagulation of blood Role in defense mechanism of body Role in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Role in maintenance of osmotic pressure in blood Role as reserve proteins Role in suspension stability of red blood cells ( RBC ) Role in transport mechanism Role in production of trephone substances Role in viscosity of blood

8. CONDITION IN WHICH PLASMA PROTEINS INCREASE (HYPER PROTEINEMIA) Alcoholism Acute infections such as acute hepatitis and acute nephritis Dehydration Excess of gluco c orticoids Hemolysis Leukemia Rheumatoid arthritis Respiratory distress syndrome

9. CONDITIONS IN WHICH PLASMA PROTEINS DECREASES ( HYPOPROTEINEMIA ) Burns Chronic infections namely chronic hepatitis and chronic nephritis Cirrhosis of liver Haemorrhage Malnutrition Pregnancy Prolonged starvation

10. CONDITIONS IN WHICH ALBUMIN INCREASE Congestive hear failure Dehydration Excess of glucocorticoids CONDITIONS IN WHICH ALBUMIN DECREASES Burns Cirrhosis of liver Excess intake of water Hypothyroidism Malnutrition Nephrosis

11. CONDITIONS IN WHICH GLOBULIN INCREASES:- Chronic infections Cirrhosis of liver Nephrosis Rheumatoid arthritis   CONDITIONS IN WHICH GLOBULIN DECREASES:- Acute hemolytic anemia Emphysema Glomerulo nephritis Hypo gamma globulinemia

12. CONDITIONS IN WHICH FIBRINOGEN INCREASES: Acute infections Glomerlo nephritis Myo cardial infarction Rhematoid arthritis Stroke Trauma   CONDITIONS IN WHICH FIBRINOGEN DECREASES:- Liver disorder Use of anasbolic steroids Use of phenobarbital

13. CONDITIONS IN WHICH A/G RATIO INCREASES- Excess of glcocorticoids Hypothyroidism Hypo gamma globulinemia Intake of more carbohydrate or protein diet.   CONDITIONS IN WHICH A/G RATIO DECREASES:- Liver disorder Nephrosis

14. REFERENCES:- A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Albumin Blood (Serum) Test. Updated January 24, 2021. Accessed November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003480.htm A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel. Updated January 24, 2021. Accessed November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003468.htm A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Total Protein. Updated May 1, 2021. Accessed November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003483.htm A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Protein Electrophoresis – Serum. Updated January 25, 2022. Accessed November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm