Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions Earth Science Presentat_20250220_051907_0000.pdf

PowerPoint Presentation
Title: Plate Tectonics

1. EARTHQUAKE AND FAULTS
TYPES OF TYPES OF
FAULTSFAULTS

2. 1. Explain how movements along faults
generate earthquakes using illustration.
2. Differentiate the types of faults,
2.1 Parts of faults and;
2.2 kinds of faults (active and inactive faults)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

5. W A V E

7. P U L L

9. E A R T H Q U A K E

10. An earthquake is
caused by a sudden
slip on a fault.

12. A fault line is a break in the Earth's crust
where tectonic plates move past each other.
It can also refer to a division or rift that
leads to violent confrontation.

13. A fault is a fracture or zone of
fractures between two blocks of
rocks. Faults allow the blocks to move
relative to each other. This movement
may occur rapidly, in the form of an
earthquake or may occur, in the form
of creep .

15. TYPES OFTYPES OF
FAULTSFAULTS

16. Definition: A normal fault is a type of fault
where the hanging wall (the block of rock
above the fault plane) moves downward
relative to the footwall (the block of rock
below the fault plane).
Cause: Normal faults are caused by tensional
forces, which pull the Earth's crust apart.
NORMAL FAULT

17. Definition: A reverse fault is a type of
fault where the hanging wall moves
upward relative to the footwall.
Cause: Reverse faults are caused by
compressional forces, which push the
Earth's crust together.
REVERSE FAULT

18. Definition: A strike-slip fault is a type
of fault where the two blocks of rock
slide past each other horizontally.
Cause: Strike-slip faults are caused by
shear forces, which push the Earth's
crust in opposite directions.
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT

19. PARTS OFPARTS OF
FAULTSFAULTS

20. The footwall is the block of rock that lies
below the fault plane.
Imagine a miner standing in a mine shaft.
The rock they are standing on is the
footwall.
FOOTWALL

21. HANGING WALL
The hanging wall is the block of rock that lies
above the fault plane.
Again, think of the miner in the mine shaft. The
rock above their head, where they might hang a
lantern, is the hanging wall.

22. KINDS OFKINDS OF
FAULTSFAULTS

23. ACTIVE FAULTS
An active fault is a fault that has moved in
the recent past and is expected to move again
in the future. This movement can generate
earthquakes.

24. An inactive fault is a fault that is not
expected to move in the future. It may have
moved in the distant past, but it is no longer
considered a source of earthquakes.
INACTIVE FAULTS