PLCC.ppt

FGFF

1. 1
-N.G.B.M. Krishna

2. 2
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
•INFORMATION TO BE TRANSMITTED IN THE FORM
OF SIGNALS
•DEVICE TO CONVERT THE DATA/VOICE SIGNALS
IN TO CARRIER SIGNALS SUITABLE FOR
TRANSMISSION OVER THE SELECTED MEDIUM
•MEDIUM FOR TRANSMISSION ( TELEPHONE LINES,
COPPER CONDUCTORS, ELECTRICAL PHASE CONDUCTORS,
EARTH WIRES, FIBRE OPTIC CABLES ETC.)
•DEVICE TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FROM THE
CARRIER SIGNALS.

3. 3
Carriers used in PLCC system -RF currents of the frequencies
between 30 kHz and 500 kHz.
Low Frequency limitation of 30 kHz :
Harmonics, Switching and Lightening Surges, Corona present in the
frequency band of 100Hz to 30 KHz.
Signal to Noise Ratio will be quite poor.
Difficult to separate power & radio frequency components (mv)
Cost of Coupling Equipment is high
High frequency limitation of 500KHz :
High Radiation losses.
Increase of Interference to and from other services.
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
The method involves superposition of radio
frequency channel on a power circuit without
interference of or from power system

4. 4
•Process whereby the amplitude or frequency
or phase of a carrier wave is varied as a
function of the instantaneous value of
another wave.
Modulation

5. 5
•The Amplitude of the carrier wave is varied
in accordance with the instantaneous value
of the signal.
Amplitude Modulation

6. 6
The instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave is varied as a
function of the instantaneous value of the modulation signal.
Frequency Modulation

7. 7
•Frequency Modulation by a square wave
modulating signal. This method is extensively
used in the system of pulse transmission employed
in the teleprinting, telemetering, Line protection,
Supervisory control, etc.
Frequency Shift

8. 8
PLCC Modulation Scheme

9. 9
•More Carrier channels can be accommodated in
any given frequency range
•Better signal to noise ratio
•Greater selectivity permitting closer channel
spacing.
Advantages of Single Side Band
NOTE :-
DOUBLE SIDEBAND AMPLITUDE MODULATION IS NOT USED IN PRESENT
DAY APPLIACTIONS. AS THIS REQUIRES HIGHER BANDWIDTH.

10. 10
PLCC IS USED FOR :
‣ SPEECH
‣ DATA COMMUNICATION
‣ PROTECTION SIGNALLING
MANY TIMES DATA IS SUPER
IMPOSED OVER SPEECH
PLCC APPLICATIONS
Transmits and receives simultaneously speech and
multiplexed teleoperation and teleprotection signals
in SSB technique over high voltage lines

11. 11
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

12. 12
ELEMENTS OF PLCC SYSTEM
•LINE TRAPS
•COUPLING DEVICES
•COUPLING CAPACITOR/CAPACITOR
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER (CVT)
•COAXIAL CABLE
•CARRIER TERMINAL
•POTECTION COUPLER
•PABX

13. 13
WAVE TRAPS
Prevents the carrier currents from entering the power equipment.
Suitably designed choke coils connected in the series with the power lines.
Negligible Impedance for the power frequency current but high impedance
to the radio frequency current.
COUPLING CAPACITORS
Minimizes capacitance changes with temperature and time.
Coupling capacitors have capacitance between 2 and 8 nF.
Typical ratings are 3300/4400/6600/8800 pf.
LINE MATCHING & PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Consists of matching Transformers and Tuning capacitors.
Isolates the communication equipment from the power line.
Matches the impedance of the power line to that of the coaxial cable of
communication equipment.
PLCC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

14. 14
•Offers high impedance to carrier signal
•Offers nil impedance to power frequency
•To minimize loss of carrier energy
•To minimize mutual interference between adjacent
line sections
Purpose
Wave Trap:
Provided in the Coupled Conductor
WAVE TRAP TYPICAL RATINGS :
-0.5mH /2000A , 0.5 mH /1000 A
-1.0 mH/2000A, 1.0 mH/1000 A.
# mH SELECTED BASED ON THE REQUIREMENT OF BLOCKING BAND.
# CURRENT RATING SELECTION BASED ON THE POWER FLOW IN EHV
LINE.

15. 15
•Single-frequency Traps
•Double-frequency Traps
•Broad-band Traps
Wave Trap Types :-
(Double frequency resonant type)
C
1 –Tuning capacitor
LA-Vacuum type arrester

16. 16
One end of the coupling capacitor must be securely earthed to
prevent over voltage up to the magnitude of the operating
voltage on the equipment side of the capacitor.
Capacitor voltage transformer used for measurement of
voltage are used for carrier coupling.
Caution :-
Coupling Capacitor :
Provided with the coupled Phase
•Coupling carrier Equipment to EHV line
•Offers high impedance at power frequency
•Offers very low impedance for high frequency
Purpose

17. 17
Capacitor Voltage Transformer
Oil insulated
Voltage transformer
type CPA/B 72 -800 kV
1955 2000

18. 18
Schematic diagram of
CVT inter-connection
Ground Ground
da
Secondary winding
dn
1a
1n
d2
d1
Compensating reactor
Primary winding
100 %
4.05 %
1.35 %
0.45 %
0.15 %
0.05 %
B11
B10
B9
B8
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
Trimming windings
Capacitor divider
HV Terminal
Power Line Carrier
Equipment
Electromagnetic unit (EMU)
Ferro resonance damping circuit
C1
C2
Tertiary winding

19. 19
•Consists of drainage coil, arresters, grounding switch.
•Provides protection of carrier equipment & personnel
against undesirable high voltage
•Drainage coil connected between carrier current lead
and ground to present low impedance path to ground
only to power frequency current passed by the coupling
capacitor.
•Drainage coil prevents loss of carrier frequency energy
Protective Equipment

20. 20
Protection for PLC equipment can be installed in a large terminal box
Separate box
mounted on
the support
To “L” terminal in CVT terminal box
Carrier
grounding
switch
Spark
gap
Drain
coil
Ground
carrier coaxial
cable
Line
matching
unit *
)
*
)
Can
normally be
adjusted to
any CVT
capacitance

21. 21
Mounted in the base of coupling capacitor
Provides low-impedance path for power
frequency current and high-impedance for
carrier frequency signal
Carrier loss introduced by drain coil is <0.5db
Drain Coil

22. 22
-To match the carrier equipment output
impedance and the overhead line impedance
with a view to ensure maximum power
transfer from carrier equipment to the line.
Line Matching Unit
-Ensures maximum power transfer from the
carrier set to the line.
-Provides an impedance match with low
losses between the coaxial cable and the
transmission line

23. 23
Resonant
•Single Frequency
•Double Frequency
Wide Band
•High Pass
•Band Pass
Line Matching Unit
Types

24. 24
Coaxial
Cable
Tuning Coils
f
L
f
H
f
L
C
S
Drain coil, etc.
(C )
C
Coupling
Capacitor
Power Line
Trap Circuit
Protective Unit
Double Frequency Tuner for one Coaxial Cable

25. 25
Trap Circuits
Protective Unit
C
S
C
C
COUPLING
CAPACITOR
POWER LINE
TUNING COILS
F
1
F
2
T
2
T
2 F
2
F
1
F
2
F
1
Double Frequency Tuner for two Coaxial Cables

26. 26
f
Single frequencyResonant line tuner
f
Resonant line tunerTwo frequency
f
Tuner high pass type
f
Wide band line-tunerWide band line Band pass type
2
nd
order
3
rd
order
Frequency Response Curves of Line Tuners

27. 27
•Low loss concentric cable to connect the line
matching unit and carrier transmitter –receiver
assembly
•Generally grounded at terminal equipment end.
Coaxial Cable

28. 28
COUPLING TYPES IN PLCC SYSTEM
LINE TRAP, COUPLIING DEVICE & CC/CVT
CALLED COUPLING EQUIPMENT. THE
FUNCTIONS OF COUPLING EQUIPMENT ARE
a)TO INJECT CARRIER SIGNALS TO
EHV CONDUCTORS W/O UNDUE LOSS.
b)TO DECOUPLE CARRIER EQUIPMENT
FROM EHV POWER LINE

29. 29
•Phase to Ground
•Phase to Phase for carrier by-passing
•Phase to Phase (Inter Phase)
•Phase to Phase (Inter Circuit)
•Three Phase
•Insulated earth wire coupling
•Intra-bundle coupling
•Coupling for Power Cables (Underground etc.)
COUPLING ARRANGEMENT
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COUPLING ARRANGEMENTS ARE :
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF COUPLING ARRANGEMENT
• RELIABILITY
• COST

30. 30
Phase to Ground Coupling
One carrier equipment connected between phase conductor & earth

31. 31
TYPICAL PLCC ARRANGEMENT FOR S/C LINES
PHASE-GROUND COUPLING
CD
CKT-IE/W
B
R
Y
E/W
B
R
Y
CVT/CC
CD
CVT/CC

32. 32
Disadv:
•Radiation losses are high as earth forms part of the circuit
•Noise pick-up is higher
•Increased cross talk
•Less Secure
Adv:
•Used for smaller line sections.
•Used where noise level is low.
•Most economical
•Employed where high reliability in the presence of line
faults is not essential
Phase to Ground Coupling

33. 33
Single Conductors
Insulated Cables
L
Line Tuner
Coupling Capacitors
Line Trap
Bus
Circuit Breakers
Typical Short Bypass carrier
Phase to Phase Coupling
for Carrier By-Pass

34. 34
•Grounding or opening the coupled phase
wire at the end of the lined section will
cause mark reduction in signal level.
•Use of outside phase wire for ground
coupling results higher attenuation in long
lines.
Disadvantage
Phase to Phase Coupling
for Carrier By-Pass

35. 35
Phase to Phase Coupling (Inter-Phase)
Two coupling capacitors & two line traps are reqd. at each coupling point.
Coupling eqpt. twice that of the phase to earth arrangement.

36. 36
TYPICAL PLCC ARRANGEMENT FOR S/C LINES PHASE -PHASE
COUPLING
CD
CD
CKT-IE/W
B
R
Y
E/W
B
R
Y
LMU
CVT/CC
LMU
BT
LMU LMU
BT

37. 37
•Higher Dependability
•Lower line attenuation
•Less Radiation
•Suitable for long lines where
carrier protection is involved
•Higher security against
communication failure due to
line faults.
•Lower attenuation,
•Less interference, both
radiated & picked up.
Advantage
•Initially Expensive
Disadvantage
Phase to Phase Coupling (Inter-Phase)

38. 38
Phase to Phase Coupling
Inter Circuit Coupling
Between two phases on each circuit of the two parallel circuits to provide a double
differential form of coupling

39. 39
TYPICAL PLCC ARRANGEMENT FOR D/C LINES (Inter circuit
Coupling)
FOR
CKT-II
FOR
CKT-I
FOR
CKT-II
FOR
CKT-I
CD
CD
CKT-II
CKT-IE/W
B
R
Y
B
R
Y
E/W E/W
E/W
B
R
Y
B
R
Y
CVT/CC CVT/CC
LMU LMU LMU LMU
BT BT

40. 40
Advantage
Possible only when both circuits are strung on same structure
Phase to Phase Coupling Inter
Circuit Coupling
Communication is maintained even if one power circuit is taken
out of service and earthed

41. 41
Three Phase Coupling

42. 42
•Additional Redundancy
•Better performance
during system
distributions
•Ideal for long series
compensated EVH line.
Advantage
•Initially Expensive
Disadvantage
Three Phase Coupling

43. 43
INSULATED EARTH WIRE COUPLING : -
INSULATED EARTH WIRE PROTECTED WITH SPARK GAPS
IS USED IN SOME TRANSMISSION LINES, IN THIS CASE
INSULATED EARTH WIRE COUPLING IS USED.
THIS WILL BENEFIT IN TERMS OF THE RATING OF
COUPLING EQUIPMENTS.
BUT, THIS OFFERS MORE ATTENUATION COMPARED TO
CONDUCTORS, COSTLIER INCASE OF LONG LINES AND
EFFECTIVENESS OF EARTHING FAULT IS REDUCED DUE
TO SPARK GAPS (COMPARED TO SOILD EARTHED)
HENCE IT IS RARELY USED.

44. 44
COUPLING TO POWER CABLES : -
SIMILAR TO OVERHEAD LINES PHASE TO
GROUND/PHASE TO PHASE CAN BE ADOPTED.
CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF CABLES IS
LESS. HENCE, INDUCTANCE OF LINE TRAPS
DECREASES AND CAPACITANCE OF CAPACITORS
INCREASES COMPARED TO OVERHEAD LINES.

45. 45
Single or dual channel configurations.
Terminal, Drop/Insert through coupled repeaters
1 KHz frequency allocation steps
Power amplifier available for 20/40/80 W PEP power output.
300 Hz to 3720 Hz Audio Frequency band
On site configuration of channel frequencies, transmission filters, line impedance and
speech, data and protection coupler levels.
Remote extension of direct EPABX line.
Hot Line, Express Channel and 2-Wire/4-Wire E&M modes available on VF Interface
unit.
Same Channel Modem for speech, fax & high speed RTU data.
FEATURES OF PLCC EQUIPMENT

46. 46
Local and Remote loop back facility.
Fully complies to the relevant EMI and EMC standards.
Fully complies with IEC 495: 1993-09 and IS 9482:1996-01 Standards.
Supervisory unit facilitates easy maintenance and operation.
Easy user interface using LCD display for status and alarm monitoring.
Employs crystal band–pass filters giving extremely good VF response.
Employs compressors and expanders to improve noise performance of the system.
FEATURES OF PLCC EQUIPMENT

47. 47
PLCC SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS
AUDIO FREQUENCY (AF) SECTION
TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER IN AF SECTION
PROVIDE THE INTERFACES FOR VOICE AND DATA
INPUT AND OUTPUT
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY (IF) SECTION
TRANSMITTER CONVERTER CONVERTS AF TO IF
RECEIVER CONVERTER CONVERTS IF TO AF.
CARRIER FREQUENCY SECTION
TRANSMITTER CONVERTER CONVERTS IF TO RF
RECEIVER CONVERTER CONVERTS RF TO IF.

48. 48
PLCC SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS
CARRIER SYNTHESIZER (OSCILLATOR)
PROVIDES THE DESIRED CARRIER AND IF FREQUENCIES,
WHICH ARE DERIVED FROM THE OCILLATOR FOR
MODULATION.
POWER AMPLIFIER SECTION
POWER AMPLIFIER
TRANSMIT FILTERS
RF HYBRID TO DECOUPLE Tx & Rx.
PILOT AND SUPERVISION SECTION
PROVIDE PILOT CHANNEL
TEST TONE
TESTING FACILITIES AND AUXILLIARY FUNCTIONS SUCH
AS LOOPS, POWER SUPPLY MONITORING, ALARMS ETC.

49. 49
Telecom Network Planning
PLC link Characteristics
SNR
Equipment Characteristics
Frequency Planning
Link Budget ( Standard IEC 663)
Practical Considerations
Operational Availability , MTBF etc.
PLCC SYSTEM PLANNING

50. 50
FACTORS INFLUENCING PLCC
SYSTEM FREQUENCY PLANING
LINE LENGTH
LINE ATTENUATION
EXISTING FREQUENCIES
BANDWIDTH AND FREQNCY SPACING
CONSIDERING THE 4 KHz CHANNELS Tx/Rx,
CHANNEL SPACING FOR PARALLEL CHANNELS
SHALL BE MINIMUM 12 KHz. AND
Tx/Rx CHANNEL SPACING SHALL BE 8 KHz.
ADJACENT CHANNELS 4 KHz FROM BOTH Tx AND Rx.
REPETITION OF CARRIER FREQUENCIES WITH
TWO/THREE HOPS IN THE VOLTAGE SECTIONS.
LINE COUPLING AND TUNING

51. 51
•RF hybrid loss
•Coupling loss (Line Tuner loss + Coupling
capacitor loss)
•Shunt loss caused by carrier power flowing back
through the line trap and station bus and ground
•Transposition loss
PLCC System Losses

52. 52
Attenuation
•Propagation loss and increases in the
propagation length of the line.
•Ratio between the voltages, currents or
power at any two points is a measure of the
attenuation between these two points.
Signal to Noise Ratio
•Ratio of signal power to total noise power at
any point. Ratio above 10db is considered
satisfactory for frequency shift operation.

53. 53
•Phase to Phase Clearance
•Phase to ground clearance
•Humidity of Air
•Carrier Frequency
Attenuation of Line for Carrier
Signal Depends on:

54. 54
LINE ATTENUATION :-
a
line= 
1. l + 2a
c+ a
add

1=
f = frequency in KHz
d
c= Dia of phase conductor
n = no of phase conductors in bundle
a
c =modal conversion loss
l=line length in Kms
n
7x10
-2{
f
d
c.
+ 10
-3.f}

55. 55
Attenuation of OH line

56. 56
Characteristic Impedance
•Ratio of applied voltage to the resulting
current, flowing into the line.

57. 57
Matched Line
•For maximum power transfer the line should
be terminated with a resistive load equal to its
characteristics impedance when all the energy
from the line is absorbed by the load
•If the terminated load is not equal to the
characteristic impedance part of the energy
traveling down the line will be reflected back.

58. 58
LT
(LINE TUNER)
T
R
(Transmitter Receiver)
Z
L
TRANSMITTER
Z
L
Z
T
Z
B
SHUNT
LOAD
PATH
Z
T
Z
B
Notes:
ZB=BUS INPEDANCE INCLUDING
ADJECENT ANGLES
ZT=LINE TRAP IMPEDANCE
ZL=LINE SURGE IMPEDANCE

59. 59
•Inherent dissipation of signal power (3.5 db)
•Also small transformer loss and a mismatch loss
RF Hybrid Loss :-
Caused by resistive component of line tuner
and coupling capacitor impedances ( 3 dB)
Coupling Loss :-
Carrier loss through the line trap impedance and
any shunt path to ground (3 dB)
Shunt Loss :-

60. 60
Attenuation across WT

61. 61
Reactance of choke vs carr. freq

62. 62
0 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 300
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
01
MFD
006
MFD
003
MFD
002
MFD
FREQUENCY IN KHz
COUPLING CAPACITOR
dB
Coupling Capacitor loss for 500 ohms load

63. 63
Typical Overall Carrier losses for the system

64. 64
NOISE AND INTERFERENCE : -
CORONA NOISE IN 4KHz BAND
< 220 KV -35 dBm TO –25 dBm
220KV -20 dBm TO –10 dBm
IMPULSE NOISE
•LIGHTNING DISCHARGE
•ISOLATOR SWITCHING
•CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATION
•GROUND FAULT
•BURNING ARC
P = 10 log {
BW in KHz}
4 KHz

65. 65
Signal to Noise Ratio

66. 66
PERMISIBLE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
SPEECH CHANNELS
SHALL BE DESIGNED FOR 25 dB SNR UNDER
ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS.
SIGNALLING
SHALL BE DESIGNED FOR FSK SIGNALLING (UP
TO 1200) BAUD FOR 15 dB
PROTECTION CHANNELS
IMPULSE NOISE IS MORE PREDOMINENT
INCASE OF PROTECTION. SNR REQUIREMENT
IS MORE DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF
PROTECTION SIGNALS TRANSMITTED.

67. 67
Understanding of Attenuation & SNR

68. 68
LINE LENGTH & CONDUCTOR CONFIGURATION
STRUCTURE OF PHASE CONDUCTOR
STRUCTURE OF EARTH WIRE
CARRIER FREQUENCY
COUPLING METHOD
EARTH RESISTIVITY
TOWER EFFECTS
WEATHER CONDITIONS
DISCONTINUTIES (TRANSPOSITION, TAPPED LINES,
CABLE INSERTS ETC.)
COUPLING LOSSES (losses in coupling equipment)
FACTORS AFFECTING THE OVERALL LOSSES IN PLCC SYSTEM

69. 69
PLCC SYSTEM COMMISIONING
DURING THE COMMISSIONING OF PLCC THE
FOLOWING BASIC TESTS WILL BE CONDUCTED:
BEST PHASE SELECTION FOR LINE COUPLING.
RETURN LOSS MEASUREMENT FOR IMPEDANCE
MATCHING WITH CO -AXIAL CABLE
LINE ATTENUATION
PRILIMINARY CHECKS SUCH AS EARTHING, POLARITY OF
POWER SUPPLY, CABLINMG, HARDWARE MODULES,
POGRAMING AND SETTINGS IN THE UNITS
TRANSMIT LEVEL SETTING, GAIN CONTROL SETTINGS,
FREQUENCY DISTORTION EQUALISATION,
LOCAL LOOP AND DUMMY LOAD TEST.
REMOTE LOOP TEST
RF CHANNEL FREQUENCY PROGRAMING IF REQUIRED.

70. 70
Modern testingpracticesemphasizes on
DEMONSTRATION andDETECTION,butalso
recognizesthatmany—maybeevenmost—major
defectsarerootedinrequirementsanddesign
misunderstandings,omissions,andinconsistencies
whichcanbeovercomeusingPREVENTION.
Demonstration,detection,andpreventionare
importantobjectivesandbenefitsofgoodtesting.
Testsmustbeplannedanddesignedsystematically.
PRINCIPLE OF TESTING

71. 71
Teleprotection required for high speed relaying
which is facilitated by:
•Comparing fault conditions at line terminal
•High speed simultaneous clearing of faults from
both ends of the faulty section
•Blocking unwarranted isolation in the event of
fault in the line section.
Teleprotection

72. 72
•Carrier is employed to compare the phase relation
between current entering one terminal of a transmission
line section and leaving another
Teleprotection
Phase Comparison Scheme :-
•With the initiation of tripping of a line at one end, a signal is
sent out over the carrier simultaneously to the other end and
cause remote end beaker also to trip.
Trip Transfer Scheme :-
•A Blocking signal is sent out in the opposite direction of
fault to prevent tripping of the remote end circuit breaker
which is also sensing the fault.
Directional Comparison Scheme :-

73. 73
•Improved transient stability of the system
•Reduced line damage & possible melting of
conductor
•Minimum outage time with the help of high
speed autoreclosing
High Speed Relying Provides
Teleprotection

74. 74
Teleprotection Schemes
Power Line
B)
A)
A) BLOCKING
to prevent local
protection
B) PERMISSIVE
TRIPPING
received Teleprotection
command speeds up the
tripping
C) DIRECT
INTERTRIPPING
teleprotection command
controls the operation of
the circuit breaker

75. 75
•Reliability
•Security
•Transmission Time
•Information signal should be of sufficient
strength to overcome any line disturbance
Criteria for Selection of Teleprotection
Teleprotection

76. 76
Intertripping Criteria
The 3 main characteristics of intertripping are :
Transfer time: During a fault, damage incurred to HV equipment will depend on the fault
clearance time.
The transfer time of the intertripping equipment, (the time between the acquisition of a
protection signal to its restitution at the other end), must therefore be as short as
possible to minimize the fault clearance time.
Reliability/Dependability: Since the communication can be altered by noise due to the
high voltage environment, the intertripping signal shall be transmitted in a way to
minimize the risk of losing a command that would lead to the non functioningof
the fault clearance process. This value is expressed as the Probability of Missing
commandPmc.
Security: Since intertripping is often used to protect “strategic”lineson which a shut-
down would have heavy consequences, the intertripping has to ensure that a command
that can disconnect an HV line is a TRUEcommand and not due to noise coming
from the HV environment. This value is expressed as the probability of unwanted
command Pucfor the worst-case being with the highest noise .

77. 77
Fc-60 Fc+60
Fc-30 Fc+30Fc
F2
F1
A typical tone channel
Utilisation of Audio Frequency Band

78. 78
•On-off mode (Used to block tripping in an
unfaulted line Section)
•Frequency Shift Mode (Used for either blocking
or transferring tripping)
•Single Side Band Mode (Functions combined on
a SSB Channel, Audio Tones are used to
modulate the carrier)
Mode of Operation
Mode of Operation

79. 79
Possible utilisation of carrier channel
with 4kHz. gross bandwidth

80. 80
Transmitter of Protection signaling equipment

81. 81
Receiver of Protection signaling equipment

82. 82
Part of Utility owned System.
Reliable.
Cost effective.
Connecting all required points with minimum Hardware
Lower attenuation over long distances
Good Communication also in HV lines
w/o need for repeaters
works at any climatic conditions
independent of natural barriers
convenient maintenance at line terminals
High Mechanical strength & Insulation levels
PLCC ADVANTAGES

83. 83
Utilizes 8 KHz to establish a full DUPLEX connection
Data stream including voice ,data & teleprotection
@ 32 Kbits/sec can be transmitted
Can accommodate 3 Speech channels and 9 Data channels
Relevent Standard IEC-495
Utilizes the same band width as a SC analog PLC.
Increase the capacity ( at least 3 times) that of analog PLC
DIGITAL PLCC

84. 84
PLC5000
DigitalPower Line Carrier
High quality of service
Modular
Manageable
–AutomaticFall Back mode (i.e. 100Kbps<->56kbps)
with services management
–IP/LAN ready (LAN to LAN application)
–Optimisedbandwidth(4Khz, 8khz, 16khz)
–Independent racksaccording to customer needs
–Teleprotection fully compliantwith IEC standards
–lowestservice interruption in case of Tripping
–Analogueand digital
–Full remote management
–Full remote configuration
–Alarms and service management

85. 86
PLC 5000 Amplifier Unit Output Power
Up to 80W of output power in a single Rack

86. 87
PLC 5000 Amplifier Unit
transmission fully Digital16 kHz
or
8 KHz
Or
4kHz
QAM Signal
RX
FSK
Rx
16 kHz
or
8 KHz
or
4KHz
QAM Signal
TX
FSK
Tx 16 KHz
or
8 kHz
or
4 KHz
QAM Signal
FSK
Tx
8kHz band Configuration
FSK
Rx
Separated / adjacent band, 16kHz, 8Khz and 4Khz band
Superimposed band, 16kHz, 8Khz and 4Khz band

87. 88
PLC 5000 Amplifier Unit
Digital transmission + tele protection
Superimposed, 8kHz band or 16Khz16 kHz
or
8 KHz
QAM Signal
RX
FSK
Rx
16 kHz
or
8 KHz
FSK
Tx
Teleprotection
RX
QAM Signal
TX
Teleprotection
TX
4KHz
4KHz 16 kHz
QAM Signal
8Khz
FSK
Tx
FSK
Rx
TP TP
Separated / adjacent band, 8Khz and 4Khz band

88. 89
PLC 5000 Amplifier Unit Fully Analogue
Single channel : Separated / adjacent band, 2.5khz and
4Khz bandInterBand for
separated mode
Analog
RX
with TPX
2.5 or
4KHz
FSK
2.5 or
4KHz
FSK
Analog
TX
with TPX
0 to max InterBand for
separated mode
Analog
CH1
with TPX
2.5 or
4KHz
FSK
2.5 or
4KHz
FSK
Analog
CH1
with TPX
0 to max
Analog
CH2
RX TX
2.5 or
4KHz
Analog
CH2
2.5 or
4KHz
»Analogue mode
Double channel : Separated / adjacent band, 2.5khz and
4Khz band

89. 90
Superimposed Mode, 16Khz
16 kHz
or
8 KHz
»QAM Signal
»Rx
»FSK
»Rx
16 kHz
or
8 KHz
»FSK
»Tx
1 or 2
analogue
channel
»QAM Signal
»TX
4KHz
4KHz
Data Data
Mix Mode with 1 analogue channel. Including 1 speech + DIP 5000 teleprotection
channel + up to 3 data channel and 1 digital channel (4Khz or 8KHz)
PLC 5000 Amplifier Unit
Digital transmission + tele protection + analogue channel
»FSK
»Rx
»16 kHz
»FSK
»Tx»QAMSignal
»4KHz
Data »Data
»4KHz
Speech
1 or 2
analogue
channel
Speech
1 or 2
analogue
channel
1 or 2
analogue
channel
Speech

90. 91
PLC5000 management system
A complete management system using SNMP protocol
SDH MSE 5000
PDH DXC 5000
PLC 5000

91. 92
Digital Tele-protection Block Diagram, Basic Configuration
Channel Unit
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 4
Alarm and
Monitor
ENCODER
DECODER
64 kbit/s
ITU-T G.703
Co-and contra-
directional
Maintenance
interface V.11
Control Unit
CONTROL

92. 93
Coding and Frame Structure
channel 1
channel 2
channel 3
channel 4
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
Frame (80 bits <=> 1,25 ms)
8 bits
Maintenance
interface
V.11
max 2400 bit/s
FAW AUX FAW
Bit rate
64 kbit/s
64 bits
2 = 16
4
0000
0001
1111
4 bits
64 bits code words
Minimum
distance
32 bits
2
64
.
.
.
.
.
.

93. 94
Transmission Quality
Good quality
Impaired quality
Poor quality
A) Bit Error Rate
B) Availability Time
Total time
Available time
ES
SES
DM
Availability Unavailability
10
-9
10
-6
10
-3
Unavailable time ( for 10 s)10
-3

94. 95
Teleprotection Operating Times
TPS64 TPS64
10...30 2 0...5 3 0...10 30...80 Milliseconds
Power Line
Distance RelayDistance Relay

95. 96
FCAPSFEATURES
Network Management System for DTPS Equipmnt :
FaultManagement
-RealTimeAlarmmonitoring
-AlarmAcknowledgement
-HistoricalAlarmstorage&retrieval
-Alarmspooler(viaPrinterorviaEmail)
ConfigurationManagement
-OnlineConfigurationofNetworkElementthroughCSTE
-SimultaneousConfigurationofanyNetworkelement&FaultManagementofotherNetworkelement
-CommandsarestoredandcanberetrievedforrapidconfigurationofNetworkElement
Administration
-Additionofpollingagent
-AdditionofNetworkElement&Stations
-AdditionofUserandsettingupProfile
PerformanceManagement
-EnablingofcollectionofPerformancedataofaNetworkElement
-RetrievalandexportofPerformancedatafromNetworkElement
SecurityManagement
-ManagementofUserinaccordancewithProfile
-Maintainingandretrievaloflogs&eventsduringUsersession(s)

96. 97
Digital intertripping
To Increase the safety of the electrical network
•Faster transfer time
•Increase reliability and security
•Increase monitoring capabilities
•Increase the number of commands
To reduce cost ownership
•Easier and faster commissioning
•Preserve the investment

97. 98
Thank you
-N.G.B.M. Krishna