Pneumocytosis jiroveci.pptx

Medical Mycology

1. Pneumocystis jirovecii PRESENTED BY, JAYAPRIYA R BP211513 I-M.Sc Microbiology Sacred Heart Col lege,

2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS : Pneumocystis jirovecii, the fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia. Till Recently P.jirovecii was thought to be protozozan but is now considered a fungus. Pneumocystis jirovecii used to be called Pneumocystis carinii. Fungus:Ascomycetes Class: Pneumocystidomycetes Family: Pneumocystidaceae Species: P. jirovecii Kingdom: Fungi

3. MORPHOLOGY: Pneumocystis jirovecii cysts are thick-walled, rounded and approximately 5-8 µm in size, although thin-walled cysts exist also. Cyst Contains 4 to 8 nuclei.

4. PATHOGENESIS : PCP spreads from person to person through the air. Some healthy adults can carry the Pneumocystis fungus in their lungs without having symptoms, and it can spread to other people, including those with weakened immune systems. Disease occurs when both cellular immunity and humoral immunity are defective. Once inhaled, the trophic form of Pneumocystis organisms attach to the alveoli.

5. PATHOGENESIS: Multiple host immune defects allow for uncontrolled replication of Pneumocystis organisms and development of illness. Activated alveolar macrophages without CD4+ cells are unable to eradicate Pneumocystis organisms. Increased alveolar-capillary permeability is visible on electron microscopy.

6. SYMPTOMS: Sudden start of Fever Dry Cough Difficulty breathing Chest pain Chills Fatigue (tiredness) With little or No mucus.

7. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: PCP is diagnosed using a sample from a patient’s lungs. The sample is usually mucus that is either coughed up by the patient Sputum or collected by a procedure called bronchoalveolar lavage. Sometimes, a small sample of lung tissue (a biopsy) is used to diagnose PCP.

8. The patient’s sample is sent to a laboratory, usually to be examined under a microscope. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can also be used to detect Pneumocystis DNA in different types of samples. A blood test to detect β-D-glucan (a part of the cell wall of many different types of fungi) can also help diagnose PCP.

9. PCP must be treated with prescription medicine. Without treatment, PCP can cause death. The most common form of treatment is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), which is also known as co-trimoxazole . This medicine is given by mouth or through a vein for 3 weeks. TMP/SMX can cause side effects such as rash and fever. Other medicines are available for patients who cannot take TMP/SMX. Solid organ or stem cell transplan. TREATMENT:

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