Pneumonia in english

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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor ) TO WATCH THIS SLIDE WITH VOICE EXPALINATION AS VIDEO PLEASE VISIT MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL “MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM” IN ENGLISH PNEUMONIA

2. PNEUMONIA Pneumonia  is an inflammation of lung tissue in one or both lungs. The infection causes inflammation in air way and the air sacs (alveoli) in lungs . The airway and alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe

3. CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA There are several types of infectious agents that can cause pneumonia. Bacterial Pneumonia Viral Pneumonia Fungal Pneumonia Others

4. BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA The most common cause of  bacterial pneumoniais   Streptococcus pneumoniae . Other causes include: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Legionella pneumophila

5. VIRAL PNEUMONIA Respiratory viruses are often the cause of pneumonia. Some examples include: influenza (flu) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) rhinoviruses(common cold) Viral pneumonia is usually milder and can improve in one to three weeks without treatment.

6. FUNGAL PNEUMONIA Fungi from soil or bird droppings can cause pneumonia. They most often cause pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems. Examples of fungi that can cause pneumonia include: Pneumocystis jirovecii Cryptococcus  species Histoplasmosisspecies

7. OTHER CAUSES Other causes of pneumonia includes- Aspiration of fluids foods vomitus chemicals

8. Sign and symptoms of Pneumonia Pneumonia symptoms can be mild to life-threatening. They can include: Coughing  that may produce  mucus   (productive cough) Sweating or  chills. Shortness of breath that happens while doing normal activities or even while resting.

9. Sign and symptoms of Pneumonia Chest pain that’s worse when you breathe or cough. Feelings of tiredness or fatigue. Loss of appetite. Nausea or vomiting. Headaches.

10. Sign and symptoms of Pneumonia Increased Respiratory rate. Increased heart rate. Abnormal respiratory sounds. MalnutrItion . Fever.

11. Diagnostic Investigations- Physical examination- auscultaion of chest. Complete blood count. Nasal swab culture. Pulmonary function test. Chest X-ray.

12. Treatment- Treatment will depend on the type of pneumonia , how severe it is, and our general health. Medical Management Your doctor may prescribe a medication to help treat your pneumonia. What you’re prescribed will depend on the specific cause of your pneumonia. A ntibiotics can treat most cases of bacterial pneumonia.

13. Treatment- For viral pneumonia- In some cases, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral. However, many cases of viral pneumonia clear on their own with only supportive and symptomatic care. Antipyretics and antitussive bronchodilators may help in this case.

14. Treatment- Antifungal medications are used to fight fungal pneumonia. You may have to take this medication for several weeks to clear the infection. Doctor may also recommend cough medicine to calm your cough so you can rest. Keep in mind coughing helps remove fluid from your lungs, so you don’t want to eliminate it entirely. You can help your recovery and prevent a recurrence by getting a lot of rest and drinking plenty of fluids.

15. Nursing Management - -Observation of respiratory status is very important nursing care in pneumonia. - Breathing pattern should be noted for retractions, nasal flaring use of accessory muscles etc. - Steam inhalation may be ordered , it should be provided with care to clear lungs.

16. Nursing Management - - All the medications and Nebulization should be given as per schedule. some times postural drainage may be prescribed, so act accordingly. - The baby is observed for cyanosis if it occur head end of the bed should be raised and inform to pediatrician. - Oxygen inhalation may be prescribed and should be administered as per recommendation .

17. Nursing Management - - Provide psychological support to parents to reduce their anxiety. - Signs and symptoms of dehydration should be noted and iv fluids may be given to correct it . - Nursing management of fever is done in case of pyrexia which is often seen in pneumonia.

18. Nursing Management - Regular diet and more fluids should be given so that nutritional status and water balance is maintained. Breathing exercises and habits should be explained and encouraged to follow instructions. Other Nursing interventions – includes all nursing care of hospitalized child that we have discussed in previous lecture under heading Nursing care of hospitalized child in the lecture “Child Health Nursing”.

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