Poison Apparatus and biting Mechanism of snakes.pptx

Poison apparatus and biting mechanism of snakes

1. POISON APPARATUS AND BITING MECHANISM IN SNAKES Prepared By:- Name:-MAHDI AL KAWSER Class:-BSc 3 rd Sem (Hons In Zoology)

2. CONTENTS Introduction. Biting Apparatus Of Poisonous Snakes. Difference Between Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snakes. Some Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snakes. Biting Mechanism In Snakes. Snake Venom. Treatment Of Snake Bite. Conclusion.

3. Introduction The biting mechanism of snakes is a remarkable adaptation shaped by millions of years of evolution. This complex mechanism allows these reptiles to capture, immobilize, and consume their prey efficiently. At its core, the snake’s biting mechanism revolves around its specialized jaws, venom apparatus, and unique fangs.

4. Biting Apparatus Of Poisonous Snakes Poison Gland : Poisonous snakes possess specialized poison glands located behind their eyes or along the upper jaw. These glands produce venom, a toxic cocktail of enzymes and proteins. Poison Ducts: From the poison glands, venom is transported through narrow ducts or tubules. These ducts serve as conduits to deliver the venom to the fangs.

5. Contd. Fangs: Poisonous snakes are equipped with hollow, needle-like fangs, typically two in number, located in the upper jaw. These fangs are used to inject venom into their prey. Muscles for Fangs: The fangs are connected to muscles that allow the snake to control their movement. These muscles play a crucial role in the snake’s ability to retract and extend its fangs during a bite.

6. Difference Between Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snakes Points Poisonous Snakes Non Poisonous Snakes 1.Body Scales They are large and cover the entire breadth of belly Small or moderately large and don’t cover the entire breadth of the body 2.Head Scales Usually small but some poisonous snakes have large head scales Usually large but some poisonous snakes have large scales 3.Fangs Long & canalized like hypodermic needle Short and solid 4.Tail Compressed Not markedly by compressed 5.Bites Two fang marks with or without small marks of the teeth A number of small teeth marks in a row

7. Some Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snakes Poisonous Snakes: 1.Krait/ Bungarus :- Elongated, Cylindrical body. Scales are smooth. Head is not differentiated from the body. They are carnivorus . Venom is neurotoxic. Oviparous.

8. Contd. 2. Cobra/ Naja Naja :- Body color is brown blackish. Diurnal,shy,lives in hole under stone,mud wall. Neck is indilatable,cervical ribs elongates. Venom is neurotoxic. They are viviparous.

9. Contd. Non Poisonous Snakes:- 1.Rat Snakes Or Dhaman :- Body elongated,greenish or greenish brown in color. Eyes are large,round pupil. Sharp ridges along backbone. Tail long, 2 rows of scale ventrally. Viviparous.

10. Contd. 2.Python:- Body is large,8-10 meters,weight max 125 Kgs. Brown color,rhomboid dark,grey edged spots. Carnivorus . Oviparous.

11. Biting Mechanism In Snakes Biting mechanism in snakes can be happen in the following types- 1.Opening of the mouth. 2.Rotation Of Maxilla. 3.Closing The Mouth. 4.Injecting Venom. 1.Opening Of The Mouth:- Snakes begin by opening their mouths wide to expose their fangs. 2.Rotation of Maxilla:- The maxilla, a bone in the upper jaw, is equipped with hollow fangs that are typically folded against the roof of the mouth. To bite, the snake rotates its maxilla forward, bringing the fangs into position.

12. Contd. 3.Closing of the Mouth:- After the fangs are in place, the snake closes its mouth. This action helps to anchor the fangs into the prey. 4.Injecting Venom:- When the snake applies pressure to its venom glands, venom is injected through the hollow fangs into the prey. The venom is delivered into the target, aiding in immobilization or digestion.

13. SNAKE VENOMS The snake venom is a clear sticky liquid of faint yellow or greenish colour . It is tasteless and odourless and acidic in reaction. An acidic solution which becomes crystalline after drying up. It contains proteolytic enzymes, which causes severe damage to muscle endothelium. • The phosphatidaes causes haemolysis , which is present in the venom of pit vipers, proteases, erepsin , cholinesterase, Hybronidases,Ribonucleases , Ophio,Oxidases etc also remain present in the venom.

14. Treatment Of Snake Bite Call for emergency assistance immediately if someone has been bitten by a snake. Responding quickly in this type of emergency is crucial. While waiting for emergency assistance:Wash the bite with soap and water.
Immobilize the bitten area and keep it lower than the heart.
Cover the area with a clean, cool compress or a moist dressing to minimize swelling and discomfort. Give Anti venom.

15. Conclusion The biting mechanism of snakes is a sophisticated adaptation that showcases their remarkable ability to capture and subdue prey while minimizing the risk of injury from potential threats. This mechanism has evolved over millions of years and plays a crucial role in the survival and ecological interactions of these fascinating reptiles.

16. Thank You