Pol.-gov..pptx

politics and Governance Topic

1. Unit 1 ( Concept of State, Theoretical Basis of the Origin of State and Essential Elements of State)

2. What is Political Science?

3. Political Science- study of phenomena of the state and government, and derived from the Greek words, “polis” or “city” and “ scire ” meaning “ science”.

4. Political Science also deals with those relations among men and groups , which are subject to control by the state and relationships to other states.

5. According to Aristotle a Greek philosopher, is credited with observation that “man is by nature a political animal”.

6. What is a State?

7. State is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control.

8. Philippines is a state.

9. How the State differ from Nation?

10. Nation from the latin word “ nasci ” which means “to be born” indicates of relation of birth or origin and implies common race, origin, language, costumes and traditions.

11. Elements of State 1. People- refers to the inhabitants living within the state. Without the people there can be no functionaries to govern and no subjects to be governed .

12. Human Rights of the people: 1. The right to work in just and favorable conditions. 2. The right to social protection. 3. The right to educate and enjoyment of benefits of social freedom and scientific progress.

13. 4. Rights and freedoms that belongs to every person in the world from birth until death. 5. They apply regardless of where you from, what you believe or how you choose your life. 6. Fairness, equality, respect and independence.

14. 2. Territory- demarcated area that rightly belongs to the population. And also the domain of the state may be described as the terrestrial, fluvial, maritime, and aerial.

15. Modes of expanding and shrinking of territory: Discovery – oldest method of acquiring territory Prescription- continued and uninterrupted occupation of territory for a long time Conquest- acquisition of territory by the use of force Cession- bilateral agreement whereby one state transfers over another state Accretion- acquisition of territory through artificial / natural way.

16. 3. Government - refers to the agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out.

17. What are the functions of the Government? Instrument or agency through which the will of the state is articulated or expressed. Takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic.

18. 3. Active force in guiding social and economic development. 4. To serve the people and help them wholeheartedly.

19. Aristotle’s classifications of government: Monarchy- Queen and King rules inherited power. Oligarchy- small group of people has all the power.

20. 3. Democracy- supreme power of the authority is vested upon a majority or mass of people. It can be: Pure democracy- people govern themselves directly. Indirect, Representative- people govern through chosen representatives.

21. 4 . Sovereignty- defined as the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction and corollary, to have freedom from foreign control.

22. 2 aspects of Sovereignty: Internal – the power of the state to rule within its territory. External- freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states.

23. 2 manifestations of Sovereignty: 1. Legal Sovereignty- the power of the state to make and implement laws within its jurisdiction.

24. 2. Political Sovereignty- authority of the people to choose who will be the leaders or officials of the state.

25. Characteristics of Sovereignty: Permanence or perpetuity Exclusiveness Comprehensiveness Absoluteness Indivisibility

26. Some principles of Sovereignty: Control the majority of its important industries. Stand on the principle of sovereignty and self- determination. Analyze of human rights at this level of development.

27. Origin of States Divine Right Theory- it holds that the state is of creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people.

28. Necessity or force theory- it maintains that the states must have created through force by some great warriors who imposed their will upon the weak.

29. Paternalistic Theory- attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family which remained under the authority of the father or mother.

30. Social Contract Theory- it asserts that the early states must been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form a society and organize government for their own good.

31. Instinctive Theory- it holds that the State is founded out of man’s instinct or association. Historical Theory- it asserts that the state is product of human development.

32. Thank you for listening! 