Policy Approaches to Tackling Non-Communicable Diseases.pptx

Policy Approaches to Tackling Non-Communicable Diseases

1. Moderator- Dr. Hari Shankar, Professor Presenter - Dr. Shubham Gupta, Junior Resident 1 Department of Community Medicine Institute of Medical Sciences, BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY Policy Approaches to Tackling Non-Communicable Diseases

2. While there are many diseases, there is , in a sense, only one health.

3. Index Introduction Causal Pathway Burden of Disease STEPS Approach NCD ROADMAP 2030 Global Monitoring Framework (GMF) SDG GOALS Multi Sectorial Action Plan (MSAP) Health For All and Challenges Conclusion

4. Introduction Lifestyle is a characteristic of bundle of behaviours that makes sense to both others and oneself in a given time and place , including social relations, consumption, entertainment, and dress - Alfred Adler (Austrian Psychologist), 1929 Chronic diseases - An impairment of bodily structure and/or function that necessitates a modification of the patient’s normal life, and has persisted over an extended period of time. - EURO symposium 1957. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs )- Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are chronic diseases that are not transmissible from one person to another. NCDs include:Cardiovascular diseases, Cancer, Diabetes, Chronic respiratory diseases.

5. The term "NCD" can cover a range of diseases. In 2011, the first ever High-level Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of NCDs officially focused global action on four major diseases and four main risk factors. This became known as the "4 x 4 NCD agenda". In 2018, a subsequent UN High-level Meeting broadened this scope to include mental health conditions and air pollution. This is now known as the "5 x 5 NCD agenda".

6. Invisible numbers: the true extent of noncommunicable diseases and what to do about them

7. https://www.ncdirindia.org/nnms/resources/Chapter_1_1.pdf

8. Importance of Policy Approaches in NCD Prevention and Control Policy approaches play a crucial role in addressing the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due to their multifactorial nature and the complex interplay of social, economic, environmental, and behavioural determinants. The importance of policy approaches in NCD prevention and control can be understood through several key factors: Comprehensive Strategy Population level Impact Equity and social Justice Behaviour Change and Norm Setting Global Cooperation and Commitment

9. Burden of NCD Estimated deaths due to NCD – 41 million (total deaths-55.4million ) 3/4th of total NCD deaths- 31.4million ~77% in low and middle income countries( LMIC) 58.4 % of all deaths under age 70 due to NCDs . Global annual deaths by key NCDs; source: World Health Organizations (World Health Organization 2018 )

10. Source- Remembering the forgotten non-communicable diseases: NCD - Lopez et al. BMC Medicine 2014, 12:200 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/200

11. PHFI:INDIA HEALTH OF NATION’S SATATES

12. PHFI:INDIA HEALTH OF NATION’S SATATES

13. PHFI:INDIA HEALTH OF NATION’S SATATES

14. Invisible numbers: the true extent of noncommunicable diseases and what to do about them

15. STEPS APPROACH STEP 1-Questionnaire STEP 2- Physical Measurements STEP 3- Biochemical measures Who says Member State must have a STEPS survey or a comprehensive health examination survey every 5 years

16. NCD Roadmap 2023-2030 Global Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of NCDs Overcoming persistent barriers to save more lives for people living with NCDs The roadmap identifies several barriers at country level to achieve the NCD Global Action Plan targets, as well as SDG targets 3.4 and 3.8. The implementation roadmap sets three strategic directions , focusing on the need to:  1.Accelerate national responses based on the understanding of NCDs epidemiology and risk factors and the identified barriers and enablers in countries.  2. Prioritize and scale up the implementation of most impactful and feasible interventions in the national context.  3.Ensure timely, reliable and sustained national data on NCD risk factors, diseases and mortality for data driven actions and to strengthen accountability .

17. 1975-76 National Cancer Care Program(NCCP) 1985 1.National Diabetes Control Program under 7th Five Year plan 2.NCCP revised. 2002 National Health Policy(NHP)-2 2003 STEPs Approach Survey initiated 2010 NPCDCS Launched 2013 1. Integrated with NHM Scale up under 12th Five year Plan 2.Global Action Plan 2013-2030 2016 Comprehensive Primary health care (CPHC) initiated 2017 1.NHP-3 2.National Multi sectorial Action Plan (NMAP) 2023, MAY National Program for Prevention and Control of Non- Communicable Diseases 2023-2030 Launched

18. Sustainable Development Goals Launched- September 2015 Led by an overarching theme of “Leaving no one behind” 17 Goals with 169 broader targets 5P’s- People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. Three dimensions- 1.Economic Growth 2.Social Inclusion 3.Environmental Protection To be tracked by 247 indicators for the targets.

19. MultiSectoral Action Plan Toolkit for Developing a Multi Sectoral Action Plan for NCDs Module 1 Conducting a comprehensive assessment Module 2. Establishing stakeholder engagement and governance mechanisms Module 3. Establishing a framework for action Module 4. Developing an implementation plan Module 5. Evaluating the implementation of a multisectoral action plan

20. Module 1 Conducting a comprehensive assessment Sociodemographic and economic information Magnitude and trends of NCDs and risk factors Existing strategies, policies, plans and programmes Compiling a situation

21. Module 2 Establishing stakeholder engagement Identifying stakeholders Engaging with stakeholders Establishing a governance mechanism

22. Module 3 Framework for action Establishing a vision and mission Setting NCD goals, targets and indicators Defining strategic action areas and objectives

23. Module 4 Developing an implementation matrix 1.Drawing up possible interventions to achieve the strategic objectives Prioritising the interventions for implementation Identifying and prioritising interventions Identifying lead and relevant agencies Establishing a timeframe for implementation Identifying milestones and outputs Indicators to measure progress in implementation 2.Costing the implementation plan 3.Drawing up implementation strategies 4.Validating and disseminating the implementation plan 5.Financing the implementation

24. Module 5 Stakeholder involvement 1.Evaluation design and methods Identifying the evaluation focus Developing evaluation questions Identifying indicators Setting up the evaluation Identifying data sources and collection method 2.Analysing and interpreting data Data management Analysing data Arriving at an evaluation Drafting a report 3.Communicating findings and utilising results Disseminating the findings Utilising the results of evaluation

25. Health for All Adopted by WHO in 1977, today we move forward through Comprehensive Primary Healthcare Approach (CPHC) committed to achieve Universal health coverage. (NHP2017) Commitments for Goal towards poverty alleviation, equity and social justice, gender equality and universal primary education. Public Health and capacity building, importance of public health as a multidisciplinary endeavour. Emphasis on dissemination of health and nutrition related information Development plans for India’s health care systems to place greater emphasis on public health education and prevention

26. Newer Challenges User Fees and the Denial of access to essential health care Segmentation of health care system The commercialisation of healthcare Vertical programming Public sector failure

27. Policy Interventions for NCD Prevention Tobacco Control: Taxation, Smoke-Free Policies, Advertising Bans Healthy Diet Promotion: Food Labelling, Nutritional Guidelines, School Food Programs Physical Activity Promotion: Urban Planning, Active Transportation, Workplace Wellness Programs Access to Essential Medicines: Pricing Policies, Generic Drug Substitution, Essential Medicines Lists Chronic Disease Management: Integrated Care Models, Task-Shifting Strategies, Telemedicine Conclusion

28. Thank you