POLINA(ENGLISH)_Heart Structure, Functions. What Are Arteries,veins, Capillaries,heart Valves, Their Functions..pptx

rt Structure, Functions. What Are Arteries,veins, Capillaries,heart Valves, Their Functions

1. Heart Structure, Functions. What Are Arteries,veins, Capillaries,heart Valves, Their Functions. Made by – POLINA OSCHEPKOVA

2. Introduction The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. It is divided into four chambers: the left and right atria, and the left and right ventricles. The heart plays a crucial role in the circulatory system.

3. Heart Structure The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. The heart is approximately the size of a fist.

4. Heart Functions The main function of the heart is to pump oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues and organs. It also pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated. The heart beats an average of 60-100 times per minute.

5. Arteries Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. They have thick, muscular walls that help maintain high pressure. Arteries branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles.

6. Veins Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls compared to arteries. Veins have valves that prevent blood from flowing backward.

7. Capillaries Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They are where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs. Capillaries have thin walls to allow for easy diffusion.

8. Heart Valves The heart has four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. Valves prevent the backflow of blood and ensure one-way flow through the heart. Valves open and close in response to pressure changes during the cardiac cycle.

9. Tricuspid Valve The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. It opens to allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the right atrium.

10. Pulmonary Valve The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It opens to allow blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.

11. Mitral Valve The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. It opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The mitral valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium.

12. Aortic Valve The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It opens to allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. The aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

13. Blood Circulation Blood flows from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and then back to the heart. It is then pumped to the rest of the body through the aorta (systemic circulation). The cycle of blood flow is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells.

14. Cardiac Cycle The cardiac cycle consists of systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) phases. During systole, the heart contracts to pump blood out. During diastole, the heart relaxes to fill with blood.

15. Heart Rate Regulation The heart rate is controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's natural pacemaker. The autonomic nervous system and hormones can also influence heart rate. Factors like exercise, stress, and temperature can affect heart rate.

16. Heart Health Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, is crucial for heart health. Conditions like hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmias can affect the heart. Regular check-ups and screenings can help detect heart issues early.

17. Conclusion The heart is a vital organ responsible for pumping blood and maintaining circulation. Understanding the structure and functions of the heart can help in promoting heart health. Appreciating the complexity of the heart's components underscores the importance of caring for this essential organ.

18. Thank you