Politeness - Pragmatic

Politeness

1. POLITENESS LUCIA PRATAMA 1210733003

2. The interpretation of what is uttered usually goes beyond what was intended to be expressed, and includes evaluations in terms of politeness. Therefore, one can clearly observe that much more is communicated than is said during a sociolinguistic interaction (Yule, 1996).

3. POLITENESS Brown and Levinson (1978) suggest that a need to be polite is common to all cultures.

4. In a common sense being polite - showing good manners and consideration for other people (e.g. open the door for a lady , give your seat to an elderly person in public transport). Linguistic politeness: the way people choose to speak and how the hearers react to their speech.

5. THE CONCEPT OF FACE Brown and Levinson (1978) have concluded that, in order to enter into social relationships , all people must acknowledge the face of other people. As a technical term, face means the public self-image of a person. It refers to that emotional and social sense of self that every one has and expects everyone else to recognize.

6. FACE WANTS People generally behave as if their expectations concerning their public self-image, or their face wants , will be respected. if a speaker says something that represents a threat to another individual’s expectations regarding self-image , it is described as a face threatening act. The speaker can say something to lessen the possible threat. This is called a face saving act.

7. FACE SAVING ACT Perhaps you could just ask him if he is going to stop soon because it’s getting a bit late and people need to get to sleep.

8. FACE THREATENING ACT I’m going to tell him to stop that awful noise right now !

9. People have two faces Negative face: the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others . Positive face: is the need to be accepted, even liked others , to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by others

10. Negative Face The need to be independent and free. For example: • I’m sorry to bother you. • I know you’re busy . Positive Face The need to be connected and a member of the group. For example : • Let’s do it together. • You and I have the same problems .

11. conclusion Politeness – “showing awareness of another person’s face ” (Yule, 1996: 134). Face-threatening act – “a threat to another person’s self - image” (Yule, 1996:134). Face-saving act – “saying something that lessens the possible threat to another’s face”.