Political parties of india

1. MADE BY NIKHIL GUPTA X -A POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA

2. What are political parties? A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for a society with a view to promote collective good. A political party has three main components- 1.The leaders 2.The active members and 3. The supporters.

3. Functions of the political parties Parties contest elections. Parties form and run governments in country. Parties put different policies and programmes. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power. Parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues. Parties provide people access to gov.t machinery and welfare schemes implemented.

4. What a common Indian think about political parties? Most people in India tend to be very critical of political parties. They blame parties for all the wrong with our democracy and our political life. the parties were also identified with social and political divisions in our country.

5. Why do we need political parties? We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation where political parties doesn’t exist. Every candidate in the elections will be independent , so no candidate will be able to make any promises to the people about any major changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their consistuency only. No one will be responsible for how the country will be run

6. Different party systems in the world Single dominant party In one party systems , one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government. China is an example; Two political parties Two party systems are states such as United States of America in which there are two political parties dominant to such an extent that electoral success under the banner of any other party is almost impossible. One right wing  coalition party and one l e ft wing coalition party .

7. Multiple political parties A poster for the  European parliament election 2004 in Italy , showing party lists Multi party systems are systems in which more than two parties are represented and elected to public office.  Australia ,Canada ,Pakistan ,India ,Ireland ,United K ingdom and Norway are examples of countries with two strong parties and additional smaller parties that have also obtained representation. The smaller or "third" parties may form a part of a coalition government  together with one of the larger parties or act independently from the other dominant parties. More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form  coalition government .

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN PARTY SYSTEM Multiple Party system – In 2006 – national parties -6; regional parties -35, non – recognized parties – 612, Rise of Effective Opposition Party Independent Members Existence of many Communal and Regional Parties Absence of Specific Constitutional Provision - Article 19(C) -All citizens shall have the right to form associations or unions. -

9. Types of political parties There are two types of political parties – 1.National parties – A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in lok sabha elections or assembly elections in four states and win at least 4 seats in lok sabha is recognized as a national party. 2.State / Regional parties – A party that secures atleast 6% of the of the total votes in state legislative assembly elections and wins at least 2 seats is recognized as state party.

10. MAJOR NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES S.N. Symbol Flag Name Acronym Year Party leader 1. Bahujan Samaj Party BSP 1984 Mayawati 2. Bharatiya Janata Party BJP 1980 Nitin Gadkari 3. Communist Party of India CPI 1925 A.B. Bardhan 4. Communist Party of India ( Marxist CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karat 5. Indian National Congress INC 1885 Sonia Gandhi 6. Nationalist Congress Party NCP 1999 Sharad Pawar

11. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (INC) One of the oldest parties of the world . Founded in 1885 by members of the occultist movementTheosophical Society—Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, and Mahadev Govind Ranade It played a important role in the independence of India. It was a ruling party till 1977 after independence. A centrist party in its ideological orientation, the party espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections. Currently leads the ruling united progressive alliance. The party's political symbol is hand

12. Prime Ministers of the Republic of India from the Indian National Congress Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964) Gulzarilal Nanda (May–June 1964 and in January 1966) Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964–1966) Indira Gandhi (1966–1977, 1980–1984) Rajiv Gandhi (1984–1989) P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996) Manmohan Singh (2004–)

13. Chairperson Sonia Gandhi Leader in Lok Sabha Pranab Mukherjee Leader in Rajya Sabha Manmohan Singh Headquarters 24, Akbar Road, New Delhi, 110011 Student wing National Students Union of India Youth wing Indian Youth Congress Women's wing Mahila Congress Labour wing Indian National Trade Union Congress Political position Center-left International affiliation Alliance of Democrats Official colours Aqua   ECI Status National Party Alliance United Progressive Alliance (UPA ) Seats in Lok Sabha 205 / 545 Seats in Rajya Sabha 70 / 250

14. BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY (BJP) The BJP is the current form of the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS,  Indian People's Union ), which was founded in October 21, 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee Believes in Indian Nationalism ( Hindu Nationalism ),Integral humanism, Economic liberalism, Gandhian Socialism, Conservatism, Social conservatism. Came to power in 1998 as the leader of national democratic alliance. Earlier limited to the northern and western parts of the country. The principal opposition party in lok sabha. The party's political symbol is a lotus

15. Chairperson Nitin Gadkari Leader in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj Leader in Rajya Sabha Arun Jaitley Preceded by Bharatiya Jana Sangh Headquarters 11 Ashoka Road, New Delhi, 110001 Newspaper Kamal Sandesh Youth wing Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha Women's wing BJP Mahila Morcha Labour wing Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh Peasant's wing Bharatiya Kisan Sangh Political position Centre-right Official colours Orange   ECI Status National Party Seats in Lok Sabha 116 / 545 Seats in Rajya Sabha 51 / 250

16. BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY (BSP) It was formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram. Stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people. It’s main base is in Uttar Pradesh and substantial presence in neighbouring states. The party's political symbol is an Elephant.

17. Chairperson Mayawati Secretary-General Satish Chandra Mishra Leader in Lok Sabha Rajesh Verma Leader in Rajya Sabha Urmilesh Kumar Bharti Headquarters 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi  - 110001 Political position Center Official colours Blue ECI Status National Party Seats in Lok Sabha 21 / 545 Seats in Rajya Sabha 18 / 250

18. COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (CPI) It was formed in 1925. The founding members of the party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife ), Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof(Abani's wife), Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui and M.P.B.T. Acharya. It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy. Became weak after the split in the party in1964. Has significant presence in the states of Kerala ,West Bengal ,Punjab ,Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

19. The principal mass organizations of the CPI are: All India Trade Union Congress All India Youth Federation All India Students Federation National Federation of Indian Women All India Kisan Sabha(peasants organization) Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union(agricultural workers) All India State Government Employees Federation (State government employees)

20. Secretary-General A.B. Bardhan Headquarters New Delhi, India Political position Far-left International affiliation International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties. Official colours Red Alliance Left Front ECI Status National Party

21. COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA –MARXIST (CPI-M) It was founded in 1964 due to a split in communist party of India. It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism. Enjoys strong support in West Bengal ,Kerala ,and Tripura. Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years.

22. Secretary-General Prakash Karat Leader in Lok Sabha Basudev Acharia Leader in Rajya Sabha Sitaram Yechuri Headquarters New Delhi, India Student wing Students Federation of India Youth wing Democratic Youth Federation of India Women's wing All India Democratic Womens Association Labour wing Centre of Indian Trade Unions Peasant's wing All India Kisan Sabha Political position Far-left ECI Status National Party Alliance Left Front Seats in Lok Sabha 16 / 545 Seats in Rajya Sabha 15 / 250

23. NATIONAL CONGRESS PARTY (NCP) It was formed in 1999 due to a split in Indian national congress. Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social just.ice and federalism. Wants that high offices in government must be confined to natural born citizens of India. It is a major party in Maharashtra and. significant presence in Meghalaya ,Manipur and Assam. A member of United Progressive Alliance.

24. Chairperson Sharad Pawar Founded 1999 Headquarters 10, Bishambhar Das Marg,New Delhi, 110001 Political position Centre/Centre left Official colours Aqua   Alliance United Progressive Alliance ECI Status National Party Seats in Lok Sabha 9 / 545 Seats in Rajya  Sabha 7 / 250

25. Some recognized state parties Name Year Party leader States All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1972 J. Jayalalitha Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry All India Forward Bloc 1939 Debabrata Biswas West Bengal All India Trinamool Congress 1998 Mamata Banerjee Arunachal Pradesh,  Asom Gana Parishad 1985 Prafulla Kumar Mahanta Assam Biju Janata Dal 1997 Naveen Patnaik Orissa Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1949 M Karunanidhi Tamil Nadu , Pondicherry Indian National Lok Dal 1999 Om Prakash Chautala Haryana Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 1932 Omar Abdullah Jammu and Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party NA Bhim Singh Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party 1998 Mufti Mohammed Sayeed Jammu and Kashmir

26. Some recognized state parties Name Year Party leader States Janata Dal (Secular) 1999 H.D. Deve Gowda Karnataka Kerala Janata Dal (United) 1999 Nitish kumar Bihar Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 1972 Shibu Soren Jharkhand  Orissa Kerala Congress 1964 P.J. Joseph Kerala Kerala Congress (M) 1979 C.F. Thomas Kerala Lok Jan Shakti Party 2000 Ram Vilas Paswan Bihar Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 2006 Raj Thackeray Maharashtra Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 1963 Shashikala Kakodkar Goa Manipur People's Party 1968 O. Joy Singh Manipur Mizo National Front 1959 Pu Zoramthanga Mizoram Mizoram People's Conference 1972 Pu Lalhmingthanga Mizoram Muslim League Kerala State Committee 1948 G.M. Banatwalla Kerala Nagaland People's Front 2002 Neiphiu Rio Nagaland Pattali Makkal Katchi 1989 G. K. Mani Tamil Nadu

27. Some recognized state parties Name Year Party leader States Praja Rajyam Party 2008 Chiranjeevi Andhra Prades Pudhucherry Munnetra Congress 2005 P. Kannan Pondicherry Revolutionary Socialist Party 1940 T.J. Chandrachoodan West Bengal Samajwadi Party 1992 Mulayam Singh Yadav Uttar Pradesh Save Goa Front NA Churchill Alemao Goa Shiromani Akali Dal 1920 Parkash Singh Badal Punjab Shiv Sena 1966 Bal Thackeray Maharashtra Sikkim Democratic Front 1993 Pawan Kumar Chamling Sikkim Telangana Rashtra Samithi 2001 K. Chandrashekar Rao Andhra Pradesh United Democratic Party NA Donkupar Roy Meghalaya Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 1979 Bipin Chandra Tripathi Uttarakhand Zoram Nationalist Party 1997 Lalduhoma Mizoram

28. Challenges to political parties The lack of internal democracy within parties manifests in the following: Parties do not keep membership registers Parties do not hold organizational meetings. Parties do not conduct internal elections regularly. Ordinary members do not have sufficient information about the party. All powers get centralized among the top leaders. Lack of internal democracy

29. Challenges to political parties Dynastic succession is a feature common to most of the political parties, both at the national and state level where top positions in the party become hereditary. others members cannot even aspire to reach these positions. Dynastic succession Growing role of money and muscle The role of money and muscle is on the rise in almost all the parties. Those with money and muscle power begin to control the various organs of the party.

30. How can parties be reformed They can be reformed by Maintaining a regular register of its members. Makings rules and regulations. Holding elections for higher posts in the party. Giving more tickets to the women. Giving funds to parties for elections.

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