Polycystic ovarian Disease Causes & Prevention

PCOD

1. Dr. Sneha Sahay Youtham

2. What is PCOD? Polycystic ovarian syndrome are also called Stein Leventhal syndrome Patient suffering from polycystic ovarian disease have multiple small cysts in their ovaries.

3. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a complex endocrine disorder associated with long term anovulation and an excess of androgen circulation in blood. In PCOS woman’s sex hormones are out of balance which leads to the growth of ovarian cysts.

4. PCOD Polycystic Ovarian Disease  (PCOD) is a medical condition in which a woman's ovaries generate immature or partially mature eggs in large numbers during reproductive age. These eggs develop into cysts in the ovaries over time

5. The hormonal imbalance creates problem in the ovaries. The ovaries make the egg that is released each month as part of a healthy menstrual cycle. With PCOD the egg may not develop as it should or it may not be released during ovulation as it should be.

6. Types of PCOS Inflammatory PCOS Post pill PCOS Insulin resistance PCOS Adrenal PCOS

7. Inflammatory PCOS It happens when the immune system tries to protect against foreign body but when it become overreacted create such condition. It is due to inflammation ovulation is prevented hormones get imbalanced and androgen produced. It can caused by stress.

8. Post pill PCOS This type is the second most common PCOS. It gets developed due to the birth control pills which suppress ovulation

9. Insulin resistant PCOS This is most common type of PCOS. It affect up to 70% . In this cell not recognized that insulin exist in the body, causing insulin rise over time

10. Adrenal PCOS This type of PCOS is due to an abnormal stress response and affects around 10% of those diagnosed. This caused by excessive androgen by ovary.

11. More symptoms of PCOD Irregular menstruation (Oligomenorrhea) Skipped or absence of menstruation (Amenorrhea) Heavy menstrual bleeding (Menorrhagia) Excessive Hair growth (face, body - including on back, belly, and chest) Acne (face, chest, and upper back) Weight gain Hair loss (hair on the scalp gets thinner and fall out) Skin darkening (Neck, in the groin, and under the breasts) Fatigue Depression Anxiety Pelvic pain Type 2 Insulin dependency

12. Diagnosis Pelvic examination:  Physically checking the reproductive organs for masses, abnormalities, or any growth Blood tests:  Blood tests will help to understand the hormone levels, these incudes fasting lipid profile (to check the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), glucose tolerance tests. Imaging test:  Ultrasound imaging test to check the size of ovaries, the lining of uterus and cysts in ovaries

13. Lifestyle modification and home remedies for PCOD Maintaining healthy body weight: Maintaining healthy body weight or weight loss help in improving overall body cholesterol levels, reduce the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, maintaining ideal insulin levels and androgen levels that also restore ovulation phase in the menstrual cycle.

14. Limiting carbohydrate's consumption:  If you have PCOD follow a low-carb diet that help in maintaining insulin levels. Eat fish, meat, eggs, vegetables that grow above ground and natural fats (like sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds and butter) and avoid sugar and starchy foods (like potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, and beans)

15. Do regular exercise and be active:  If you have PCOD doing regular exercise and becoming active will help in regulating blood sugar levels and keep your weight under control

16. B est possible treatment for PCOD Problem Regulate the menstrual cycle by medication to treat hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance Ovulation induction (the quality and quantity of the ovulation) through oral medicines and injections Infertility treatment through fertility drugs Lowering excessive hair growth Skin treatments for acne and pigmentation A laparoscopic procedure - ovarian drilling to destroy androgen-producing tissue in the ovaries, in case of PCOS patients not responded to hormonal treatment

17. Complications of PCOS / PCOD problem Abnormal uterine bleeding Infertility or hypertension Infertility Type 2 diabetes Preterm labor and premature birth Metabolic syndrome (risk for high blood sugar, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke) Depression Sleep apnea (More common in women who are overweight, causes repeated pauses in breathing during the night, which interrupt sleep) Endometrial cancer (Due to thickened uterine lining) Miscarriage (spontaneous loss of a pregnancy)

18. Role of Nurse & Health Education Fertility counseling Contraception Treatment of hyperandrogenic symptoms Lifestyle plan and support Monitoring and screening Nutritional counseling Psychological & behavioral support