Polymer_Application_in_sbBpace[1]23.pptx

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1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CARPET TECHNOLOGY (BHADOHI) APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN SPACE PRESENTED BY KULDEEP KUMAR HARSH YADAV

2. jbijkjkl Introduction Due to harsh environment of the space, there is a very limited choice of materials to be used in space applications. Polymers, with their versatility and adaptability, have become indispensable in space. Polymers, due to their lightweight, durability, and specific performance ability are used in space applications.

3. SPACE APPLICATIONS Thermal Blankets Thermal Control Paints Adhesives Electrical Components Helmets Structural Components Rovers and Landers Antenna and Communication Devices Space Suit Fabric

4. Key Properties of Polymers for Space Applications Polymers used in space must exhibit a range of specialized properties to withstand extreme conditions, including: 1.Thermal Stability: The ability to endure extreme temperatures, both high and low. 2.Radiation Resistance: Resilience against high levels of ionizing radiation encountered in space . 3.Mechanical Strength: Sufficient strength and durability to handle the stresses of launch, microgravity, and space operations 4.Lightweight: A high strength-to-weight ratio to minimize launch costs and improve efficiency. 5.Chemical Resistance: Resistance to outgassing and chemical reactions with the space environment

5. Structural Components: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are used in satellite structures, spacecraft components, and space station modules due to their high strength and low weight Materials: Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) Kevlar Application: Satellite structural components Spacecraft frames and supports Advantages: High strength-to-weight ratio Reduced launch costs

6. Thermal Insulation: Polymers like polyimide films ( Kapton ) are used for thermal insulation, protecting spacecraft from the intense heat and cold of space. 1.Electrical Insulation Materials Polyimides (e.g., Kapton ) Fluoropolymers (e.g., Teflon) Applications Insulation for wiring and cabling Circuit board substrates Properties: High dielectric strength and thermal stability

7. 2.Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) Materials Polyimides (e.g., Kapton ) Phenolic resins Ablative materials (e.g., phenolic impregnated carbon ablator - PICA) Applications Heat shields Insulation blankets Properties Protect spacecraft during re-entry Maintain internal temperature stability

8. 2.Protective Coatings: Radiation Shields: Polymers incorporated with metal particles or other radiation-absorbing materials provide protection from cosmic radiation. Materials : Polyethylene Hydrogen-rich polymers (e.g., polyethylene composites) Applications: Space suits Advantages Effective in shielding against cosmic rays Reduces radiation exposure to astronauts

9. Flexibility and Durability Materials: Elastomers (e.g., silicone rubber, fluorosilicone ) Thermoplastic polymers (e.g., PEEK - polyether ether ketone ) Applications: Seals and gaskets Flexible joints and bellows Benefits: High durability in extreme temperatures Maintains elasticity in vacuum conditions

10. Specific Polymers PEI/PE: Polyetherimide /Polycarbonate Sodium Polyacrylate Velcro Teflon

11. PEI/PC: Polyetherimide /Polycarbonate Resistant to high heat, solvents, and flames Exhibits high dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, and tensile strength Utilized in the production of satellites and external hardware One of the rare 3D printable aerospace-grade plastics available Enables the creation of tools, spare parts, repairs, and structures on-site and on demand

12. Sodium Polyacrylate Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) Utilized in NASA's Maximum Absorbency Garment (space diaper) Has the ability to absorb 400 times its weight in water Enables MAG to absorb up to 2 liters of liquid, requiring astronauts to change every 8-10 hours NASA was not the originator of disposable diapers, adult diapers, sodium polyacrylate , or SAPS Other Polymers Velcro was created by Swiss scientists for easy to use in zero gravity. Teflon , developed by Dupont , is utilized in heat shields, space suits. Teflon is most famous polymer for its application in nonstick pans.

13. Advantages of Using Polymers in Space Application Lightweight: In space applications, weight reduction is crucial for minimizing launch costs . Flexibility and Durability : Polymers can endure the mechanical stresses and temperature extremes of space travel. Versatility : Polymers can be engineered to meet a wide range of specific needs, from insulation to structural strength. Ease of Fabrication: Polymers can be easily molded and fabricated into complex shapes, which is beneficial for designing and manufacturing spacecraft components.

14. Challenges and Considerations Outgassing : Some polymers release gases in the vacuum of space, which can contaminate sensitive equipment. Careful selection and pre-treatment of materials are necessary to mitigate this issue. Radiation Resistance : Prolonged exposure to space radiation can degrade some polymers. Materials must be chosen and tested for their radiation resistance properties. Temperature Extremes : Polymers must withstand the extreme temperatures of space without becoming brittle or degrading.

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