Polymer mechanism

Polymer

1. AMITY UNIVERSITY
RAJASTHAN
Mechanism
of Polymerization
Present By
Subhrangsu Sekhar Dey
M.Sc Applied Chemistry

2. Introduction
Monomers has to be two functionality for
polymerization.

3. Reaction Mechanism
1.Addition or Chain growth
1.1.Radical polymerization
1.2.Cationic polymerization
1.3.Anionic polymerization
2.Condensation or Step growth

4. Chain-growth Polymerization

5. Step-growth polymerization

6. Step Growth V/S Chain Growth

7. Application

8. Thermodynamics of Polymerization

9. Polymerizability of Monomers

10. Active Intermediates

11. Substituent Effects V/s Initiator

12. Free Radical Polymerization

13. Branching of the Polymer Chain

14. Application

15. Cationic Polymerization
the alkene monomer
reacts with an electrophile

17. Application

18. Anionic Polymerization
Nonterminated chains are called living polymers
The chains remain active until they are killed

19. Application

20. Co-ordination Polymerization
Ziegler–Natta catalyst
Polymerization of Dienes

21. Mechanism Of
Ziegler Natta Catalysis

22. Ziegler–Natta catalyst
Synthesis of Synthetic Rubber

23. Ring-Opening Polymerization

25. Stereochemistry of
Polymerization
substituents on the same side
substituents regularly alternate on both sides

26. General Mechanism of Chain-
Growth Polymerization

27. Progress of a Step-Growth
Polymerization

28. Step Growth Polymerization
Nylon 6,6

29. Cyclic Ethers
tertrahydropyran
dioxane
polymerization
unreactive
difficult
(substituents usually will prevent it)

30. Cyclic Ethers
1) Ethylene Oxide
RO
(DMSO)
PEO
Living Polymerization

31. Cyclic Ethers
Thermo Plastic Elastomer
3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO)
O
CH
2
CH
2N
3
N
3
O CH
2C
CH
2N
3
CH
2N
3
CH
2
3-azidomethyl-3-methyl oxetane (AMMO)
O
CH
3
CH
2N
3
O CH
2C
CH
2N
3
CH
3
CH
2
BAMO AMMO BAMO

32. Cationic Polymerization
of Cyclic Ethers
OF
3C S
O
O
O S CF
3
O
O
O
F
3C S
O
O
O S CF
3
O
O
Difunctional PTMO (initiated by triflic anhydride)
O CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2OF
3C S
O
O
S
O
O
CF
3

33. Cyclic Amides
C
N
O
H
n
CH
2
CH
2CH
2N CCH
2
CH
2 CH
2
H
O
n
CH2CH2CCH
2CH
2 CH
2N
O
N
O
H
Na
CH
2
CH
2
C
N
H
2C
H2C
H
2C
O
H
CH2CH2 CCH
2CH
2 CH
2N
O
N
O
H
H
CH
2
CH
2
C
N
H
2C
H
2C
H
2C
O
+
imidedimer:acturalinitiatingspecies:
exo-carbonylmakesitmorereactive!Na
CH
2
CH
2
C
N
H
2C
H2C
H
2C
O
H
CH
2
CH
2
C
N
H
2C
H2C
H
2C
O
H
CH
2
CH
2
C
N
H
2C
H
2C
H
2C
O
NaH
Anionic Initiated Polymerization

34. Siloxanes may be cyclic, linear or cross linked
polymer
Cyclosiloxanes

35. Mechanism of Siloxanes

37. Ring opening Siloxane
Siloxanes Polymerization