Polymers_Presentation A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules, which are formed by repeating units derived from monomers.

A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules, which are formed by repeating units derived from monomers.

1. What Are Polymers? Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers. Can be natural (e.g., DNA, proteins, rubber) or synthetic (e.g., plastic, nylon). Found in everyday items: packaging, clothing, electronics, and more.

2. Classification of Polymers Natural Polymers: Proteins, cellulose, starch. Synthetic Polymers: Polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon. Based on structure: - Linear - Branched - Cross-linked

3. How Polymers Are Made Addition Polymerization: Monomers add without by-products (e.g., polyethylene). Condensation Polymerization: Monomers join and release small molecules (e.g., water). Requires initiators, heat, or catalysts.

4. Where Are Polymers Used? Medical: Sutures, drug delivery systems. Industrial: Pipes, automotive parts. Consumer Goods: Clothing, containers, toys. Technology: Insulation, displays, adhesives.

5. Challenges and Innovations Problems: Non-biodegradability, pollution. Solutions: - Biodegradable polymers - Recycling and upcycling - Green chemistry approaches Future: Sustainable and smart polymers for advanced applications.