Polyporus

Classification ,Vegetative Structure and reproduction and BASIDIOCARP

1. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y POLYPORUS VEGETATIVESTRUCTURE REPRODUCTION BADIOCARP

2. SADHNA PANDE Y POLYPORUS 29-01-2021 CLASSIFICATION Ainsworth (1971) Fungi Eumycota Basidiomycotina Hymenomycetes Holobasidiomycetidae Polyporaceae Polyporus

3. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y Polyporus is known as wood rotters cause wood rot of s timber trees conifers, oak, apple, maple walnut, pear, Acacia etc. P. sulphureus , ( sulphur mushroom,) causes wood rot of oak and other trees and has large sulphur yellow fruiting bodies P. betulinus causes the heart rot of birch and some other coniferous trees . P. squamosus causes heart rot of Ulmus .

4. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y The fruiting bodies - BASIDIOCARP annual In the form of brackets and shelves stalked fleshy when young hard and leathery or corky at maturity. Young fruiting bodies of P. sulphureus are edible mature fruiting bodies of P. lucida are used as decorative pieces in the houses

5. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y Vegetative Mycelium : Exists in two phases a) Primary Mycelium b) Secondary Mycelium

6. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y Primary Mycelium : originates by the germination of the uninucleate and haploid basidiospores. It consists of many white, slender, branched and septate hyphae. The cells are uninucleate i.e. monokaryotic It is short lived and soon becomes bi-nucleate (dikaryotic) by hyphal fusion occurring between cells of the hyphae of two apposite (compatible) strains

7. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y Secondary Mycelium: It is subterranean, perennating, and originates by the fusion of two cells of the monokaryotic mycelium. The bi-nucleate or dikaryotic cells by divisions and by clamp connection form the secondary or dikaryotic mycelium

8. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y It ramifies in the bark tissues and outer portions of the woody cylinder. The hyphae secrete enzymes which digest the lignin of walls of the wood cells. Later it develops into the fruiting bodies called basidiocarps.

9. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y Basidiocarp: The secondary mycelium collects in hyphal knots forms a small button like strand in the bark of the wood. these hyphal strands grow in size, bursts through the bark surface of f the tree and develops into basidocarps (fruiting bodies.) The basidiocarps may be sessile or stalked

10. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y stalk may be lateral or central . height (stalk) -2-6″ , diameter -1/2 Black/Brown in colour Stalks bear an umbrella shaped cap or pileus. The pilues bracket or shelf like body with brown colour . upper surface smooth /ridged surface. undulating in concentric manner. The concentric rings with alternate brown and white in colour prominent in the peripheral regions of the pileus. The lower surface of the pileus is without gills ,smooth and flat,. The pileus contains numerous small pores on under-surface(characteristic feature ,therefore named as polypore’s) pores run deep into the tissues as hollow tubular canals. tubes are lined on inner surface by the fertile hymenium layer.

11. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDEY DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF VERTICAL SECTION OF BASIDIOCARP mature basidiocarp has four visible regions

12. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y i ) Pileus Surface: It is the upper surface of the basidiocarp. smooth / incrusted.

13. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y 2. Context: region between the upper surface of pileus and the tube layer. region is composed of anastomosing hyphae with large intercellular spaces between them. The hyphae are of three types: Sometimes its upper region is soft and lower region is hard then it is called as duplex.

14. (a ) Generative Hyphae: Thin walled with dense cytoplasm, clamp connections are present. (b) Skeletal Hyphae: Thick walled and un-branched. (c) Binding Hyphae: Thick walled but branched ). 29-01-2021 BBPOLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y THREE TYPES OF HYPHAE-GENRATIVE (A) ,BINDING ( B) SKELTAL (C) A B C

15. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y 3. Tube Layer: This region consists of vertically placed tubes attached to the lower surface of the context. 4. Pore Surface: It is the lower surface of the mature basidiocarp. Tubes open at this surface .

16. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y On the basis of the hyphae present in the fruiting body, the basidocarps are differentiated into three types: ( i ) Trimitic: All the three hyphae i.e. generative hyphae, binding hyphae & skeletal hyphae are present e.g. P. versicolor. (ii) Dimitic: Basidiocarps are made up of only two types of hyphae-generative hyphae and binding hyphae e.g. P. sulphureus . (iii) Monomitic : Basidiocarps consist of only generative hyphae e.g., P adustus

17. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y Reproduction in Polyporus : heterothallic. Sex organs are absent. In tube layer of basidiocarp in between the tubes the tissue is made up of generative and skeletal hyphae. It is called dissepiment. From these hyphae arise short branches at right angles at the length. These branches develop into fertile basidia single celled calavate and sterile paraphysis, cystidia and setae also develope These fertile and sterile structures form the inner lining of the pores and collectively known as hymenium

18. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y basidium is club shaped bi-nucleate sterigmata. At maturity it projects slightly into the cavity of the pore . The two nuclei of the basidium fuse to form the synkaryon (karyogamy). The diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis to form four haploid nuclei. Four short sterigmata develop from each basidium from small. basidiospores Oval and uninucleate ,borne on sterigmata.. basidiospores are released from pores after falling on suitable substratum each basidiospore germinates into a primary mycelium of plus or minus strain .

19. DIKARYOTIC HYPHAE 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y BASIDIOCARP BASIDIOSPORE BASIDIUM MEIOSIS KARYOGAMY MONOKARYOTIC MYCELIUM +STRAIN +DIKARYOTIZATION - STRAIN POLYPORUS GRAPHIC LIFE CYCLE

20. 29-01-2021 POLYPORUS SADHNA PANDE Y THANK U

21. POLYPORUS 21 29-01-2021