Pontiac's Rebellion and Proclamation of 1763

Class Presentation

1. Bell Ringer Study for quiz over standards 8.15, 8.16, and 8.19.

2. Pontiac and the Proclamation of 1763 Essential question: How did Pontiac's rebellion push colonists closer to revolution?

3. Post-war Indian Relations General Jeffery Amherst-British general in charge of organizing the territory gained in the French and Indian War Territory gained in the war consisted of modern-day states of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and the Canadian province of Ontario Sir William Johnson-British head of the Indian Department The Indians were surprised by the French surrender and refused to acknowledge defeat

4. Amherst's Policies Amherst viewed the Indians as a conquered people rather than equal neighbors He reduced the number of forts in the area Discontinued the French practice of giving annual gifts to the tribes; Amherst viewed this practice as blackmail He restricted the sale of gunpowder and weapons to the Indians. This limited their ability to hunt for food and furs. These policies were opposed by Johnson

5. Indian Response A respected Indian known as the Delaware Prophet began to preach that tribes needed to return to traditional ways and reject the British. Chief Pontiac- leader of the Ottawa tribe, former ally of the French, and charismatic speaker. Pontiac united many of the tribes in the area In May 1763, he led 300 men to attack Fort Detroit. The British were ready for the attack, so Pontiac laid siege to the fort. This was the beginning of Pontiac's Rebellion.

6. Pontiac's Rebellion The British sent reinforcements to Fort Detroit, but Pontiac defeated them in July 1763. Pontiac gave up his siege of Fort Detroit in the fall of 1763 when he realized the French were not coming to help. Other Indians inspired by Pontiac attacked British forts throughout the territory. A total of 8 British forts were captured by various Indian tribes. Fort Pitt became the next target.

7. Pontiac's Rebellion Fort Pitt was placed under siege. Amherst responded by ordering that Indian prisoners be killed. Amherst also planned to spread small pox among the Indians by giving them infected blankets. Colonel Henry Bouquet led a force to relieve Fort Pitt. He defeated the Indian force at the Battle of Bushy Run and ended the siege of Fort Pitt. Amherst was replaced by Major General Thomas Gage.

8. The Paxton Boys Paxton was a small town in Pennsylvania. They requested soldiers, or at least guns, from the state legislature to defend themselves. The legislature which was filled with Quakers refused. The Paxton Boys decided to raid local Indian villages. The attacked a friendly village and killed 6 Indians while taking another 14 prisoners. The 14 prisoners were eventually killed.

9. The Paxton Boys Several Indians fled to Philadelphia to seek protection from the Paxton Boys. Several hundred Paxton Boys marched towards Philadelphia in January 1764. They were angered that the government would protect Indians and not citizens. An attack on Philadelphia was avoided when the government agreed to meet with the Paxton Boys regarding their concerns. The agreement was negotiated by Benjamin Franklin.

10. End of Rebellion Under the direction of General Gage, most of the fighting was over by 1764. Pontiac did not sign a formal peace treaty until he met with Johnson in 1766. This officially ended the rebellion. The peace treaty granted Pontiac a full pardon. Three years later, while visiting Illinois, Pontiac was stabbed and killed by a Peoria Indian. Pontiac's tribe nearly wiped out the Peoria tribe in revenge.

11. Proclamation of 1763 England responded to Pontiac's Rebellion by issuing the Proclamation of 1763. This prohibited settlement of any land to the west of the beginning of any river that flowed into the Atlantic Ocean. The colonists believed this was an attempt by England to keep them close to the Atlantic shore so they could be easily controlled. England built a line of forts to prevent westward expansion. England said the forts were for colonial defense and therefore they taxed the colonists to pay for them.

12. Summarizer 3-People 2-Places 1-Question

13. Extension Activity Create a comic book telling the story of Pontiac's Rebellion. Use illustrations. Tell the story using the frame-by-frame method of a comic book. Include as much content from today's lesson as possible. Write only on one side of the paper.