POROUS CONCRETE B8.pptx

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1. Submitted by: AMRUTHA H S 3PG19CV003 MOHAMMED MUSTAFA S SARWAD 3PG19CV013 K ANNAPPA 3PG20CV407 M PRAVEEN KUMAR 3PG20CV411 Under the Guidance of: Head of Department Project Guide Dr. P.SHIVA KESHAV KUMAR . M.TECH.,PhD Mr. BASAVARAJA R .M.TECH., “POROUS CONCRETE FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING AND URBAN PAVEMENTS ” 1 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY “ JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI – 590 018 PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING T.B.DAM ROAD HOSAPETE - 583 225

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OF PRESENT STUDY PROBLEM STATEMENT SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK OBSERVATIONS ON THE WORK ON THE BASIS OF LITERATURE REVIEWED MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY TESTS PLANNED TO BE CONTUCTED ESTIMATION OF MATERIALS REQURIED AND EXPENDITURE PROBABLY TO BE INCURRED AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS PROPOSED PLAN OF THE WORK CONCLUSION REFERENCES

3. Introduction Porous concrete pavement is an effective way to address serious environmental problems and support green, sustainable growth. This pavement technology uses land by most efficient way by removing the need for ponds and other storm water management resources. Pervious concrete has the ability to lower overall cost if project. In porous concrete, carefully controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials are used to create a paste that forms a thick coating around aggregate particles. Pervious concrete is used in many applications but its primarily used for making pavement. Pervious concrete has the ability to lower overall cost if project. In porous concrete, carefully controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials are used to create a paste that forms a thick coating around aggregate particles Porous concrete blocks applicable for low volume pavement, residential roads, parking lots and urban roads. Concrete is light in weight (about 1600 to 2000 kg/m3)

4. Objectives Drain of water to avoid water logging and optimization of rain water. To reduce problem with traditional surface water drainage system. To minimize risk of surface water flooding Use of stored water for various purposes. Evaluation of aggregate suitable for preparing porous pavement blocks To evaluate the aggregate suitability for preparing a porous pavement block based on their size gradation, compatibility, angularity and toughness index To evolve optimum size of coarse aggregate for maximum effective porosity and permeability. To determine the strength characteristics such as tensile splitting strength, compressive strength and abrasion resistance to evaluate the suitability of porous concrete for pavement blocks. To determine the porosity and permeability of the standard 15cm X 15cm X 7.5cm porous concrete in order to understand its effectiveness in groundwater infiltration and rain water harvesting .

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT Due to urbanisation and improper drainage, flooding is a common phenomenon. The pavements and courtyards are presently covered with imprevious concrete cement blocks which will not allow rain and drain water to percolate and reach groundwater table. Most of the cities get flooded even with little rainfall due to poor infiltration and drainage. Moreover these concrete surfaces emit thermal radiation and create heat islands and enhance the global climatic temperature . If paving materials is of pervious nature, it will enhance rain water harvesting and will recharge groundwater aquifiers below urban areas. In order to solve this problem, a cost effective, pervious concrete pavement block with a green cover on the top can be made from locally avaliable materials.The more viod spce in this pavement blocks will allow water to percolate freely downwards and allow grass to be cultured and grown on top of this pavement block other than green aesthetic look and cool ecofriendly environment.

6. SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK Pervious concrete is having a lot of potential and demand in the construction industry thanks to its infiltration property and reduction in temperature around due to its breathing holes present. It is similar to conventional concrete but manufactured without or minimum of fine grained aggregates. The voids present in the block in the absence of fine aggregates allow water to flow through the concrete, and drain through the sub-grade filtering surface water reducing overall storm water runoff enhancing. The need for pervious concrete has grown. It’s definitely growing and spreading but it still has a long way to go. The greatest market potential for Porous Concrete block is used in parking lots, Parks, road with light traffic, pedestrian walk way, green houses, courtyards, playground, etc. It can also be used as a structural drainage fill behind retaining walls.

7. LITERATURE REVIEW NAME YEAR OF STUDY STUDIED & PUBLISHED RESULTS Husain N Hamdulay 2015 “Effect of Aggregate Grading and Cementitious by Product on Performance of Pervious Concrete”. International Journal of Advanced Research Compressive strength of concrete was increased by using GGBFS as supplementary material and grading of aggregate is equally important to provide strength and permeability, grater size have law compressive strength and high permeability Darshan Shah 2013 “Pervious Concrete: New Era For Rural Road Pavement” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 PP 3495-3499 The previous concrete reduces the storm water runoff to improve the ground water level to eliminate costly storm water management practices

8. Alessandra Bonicelli 2010 “Experimental Study on Effect of Fine Sand Addition on Differentially Compacted Pervious Concrete” This experiment shows that addition of sand in pervious concrete favours in improving admissible stress and tensile strength but drain ability was reduced Saeid Hesami 2014 “Effect of Rice Husk and Fibre on Mechanical Properties of Pervious Concrete Pavement “ . The compressive, tensile and flexural strength were found to be maximum at w/c ratio of 0.33.

9. MATERIALS Cement The cement used in this present study is OPC 53 Grade. The specific gravity of cement is 3.15. Standard Consistency is 33%. Cement is defined as Finely ground material which on addition of requisite quantity of water is capable of hardening both under water and in air by the chemical interactions of its constituents with water, and is capable of blending together appropriate materials (As per IS :4845-1968). 2. Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate is defined as the aggregate which passes 4.75mm IS Sieve & contains only so much coarse materials.(As per IS:383-1970). Fine aggregate used in the present study is locally available sand passing through 4.75mm IS Sieve. The specific gravity of 2.65 & 3.22 are used as fine aggregates.

10. Coarse Aggregate Coarse Aggregate is defined as the aggregate which is retained on 4.75mm IS sieve and containing only so much finer materials. ( As per IS 383-1970) The coarse aggregate with a maximum size of 20mm having specific gravity of 2.653 and fineness modulus 4.6 are used as coarse aggregate. Water Generally water which is easily available on the site such as tap water, borewell water, well water etc directly used for mixing the concrete. We use clean, fresh water for curing of concrete and for mixing the concrete.

11. METHODOLOGY COLLECTION OF MATERIALS TESTING OF AGGREGRATES AND CEMENT MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE TEST ON FRESH CONCRETE CASTING AND CURING OF SPECIMEN TEST ON HARDEN CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST AND PERMEABILITY TEST RESULTS AND DISUSSION

12. TESTS PLANNED TO BE CONDUCTED Tests conducted : Initial Tests on materials Test on Fine Aggregate 1) Test on specific gravity of fine aggregate (Is:2386(part-3)-1963) Specific Gravity G = (W2-W1) \ (W4-W1)-(W3-W2) Specific Gravity G = weight of aggregate \ weight of equal volume of water. Result: Specific Gravity of fine aggregate G = 2.65 2) Test on Sieve Analysis of fine aggregate (Is:383-1970 ) Fineness modulus = ∑C\100 =322.1\100 =3.22 Result : Fineness modulus of fine aggregate = 3.22 Falls in Zone II As per table 4 Of IS:383-1970

13. Test on Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity G = W4\(W1-W S ) Water Absorption = (W1-W4)\W4 X 100 RESULT : Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.66 Water absorption of coarse aggregate = 0.3% Test on Sieve Analysis on coarse aggregate(IS:383-1970) Fineness Modulus= 457.7\100 = 4.57 Result: Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate = 4.57 Sample confirms to IS stipulation for graded size aggregate of nominal size 20mm Test on Specific Gravity on coarse aggregate

14. Test on Cement (IS:12269-2013) RESULTS ON PHYSICAL TESTS ON CEMENT (OPC 53 GRADE ) TESTS CONDUCTED RESULTS IS:12269-2013 Clause 6 Table 03 REMARKS 1.Normal Consistency 33% Not specified PASSED 2. Initial Setting time 38min Shall not be less than 30min PASSED 3. Final Setting time 225min Shall not be more than 600min PASSED

15. Test on Specific Gravity Of Cement Specific Gravity of kerosene = ( W4-W1)\(W5-W1) Specific Gravity of Cement = [(W2-W1) \ (W4-W1)-(W3-W2)]*Specific gravity of kerosene RESULT : Specific gravity of cement = 3.15 The cement passes IS- 12269-2013 Stipulation Test to be conducted Test on fresh concrete SLUMP CONE TEST VEE-BEE Test on Hardened Concrete: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST PERMEABILITY TEST

16. ESTIMATION OF MATERIALS REQUIRED AND EXPENDITURE PROBABLY TO BE INCURRED FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : CUBE MOULD SIZE:- 0.1X0.1X0.1m= 0.001m³ VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.001m3 For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 ) For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 ) GRADE MATERIALS QUANTITY PER KG/MOULD RATE PER KG TOTAL QUANTITY TOTAL RATE CEMENT 0.28 8 5 40 M20 FINE AGGREGATE 0.42 5 7 35 COARSE AGGREGATE 0.84 4.5 14 63 CEMENT 0.385 8 7 56 M25 FINE AGGREGATE 0.385 5 7 35 COARSE AGGREGATE 0.77 4.5 13 59 TOTAL RS . 288

17. FOR SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : CYLINDRICAL MOULD : V = ∏ X 0.075 ² X 0.3m VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.0053015m³ For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 ) For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 ) GRADE MATERIALS QUANTITY PER KG RATE PER KG TOTAL QUANTITY TOTAL RATE CEMENT 1.485 8 24 192 M20 FINE AGGREGATE 2.226 5 36 180 COARSE AGGREGATE 4.46 4.5 72 324 CEMENT 2.0411 8 33 264 M25 FINE AGGREGATE 2.0411 5 33 165 COARSE AGGREGATE 4.0822 4.5 66 297 TOTAL RS 1422

18. FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : RECTANGULAR MOULD : V = 0.1 X 0.1 X 0.5m VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.005m³ For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 ) For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 ) GRADE MATERIALS QUANTITY PER KG RATE PER KG TOTAL QUANTITY TOTAL RATE CEMENT 1.4 8 23 184 M20 FINE AGGREGATE 201 5 34 170 COARSE AGGREGATE 4.2 4.5 68 306 CEMENT 1.93 8 31 248 M25 FINE AGGREGATE 1.93 5 31 155 COARSE AGGREGATE 3.85 4.5 62 279 TOTAL RS 1342

19. FOR PERMEABILITY TEST VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.005m³ For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 ) For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 ) Specimen Diameter (mm) Dimension of Cell A (mm) Dimension of cell B (mm) Dimension of cell C (mm) 100 115 80 110 150 170 120 160 300 330 260 320 Apparatus Required Concrete Permeability Apparatus The permeability cell shall consist of a metal cylinder with a ledge at the bottom for retaining the specimen, a flange at the top, a removable cover plate and a sheet metal funnel which can be securely bolted to the cell. A rubber or neoprene O-ring or other suitable gasket, seated in matching grooves, shall be used between the cell and the covet plate to render the joint water-tight. Apparatus Required Concrete Permeability Apparatus The permeability cell shall consist of a metal cylinder with a ledge at the bottom for retaining the specimen, a flange at the top, a removable cover plate and a sheet metal funnel which can be securely bolted to the cell. A rubber or neoprene O-ring or other suitable gasket, seated in matching grooves, shall be used between the cell and the covet plate to render the joint water-tight .

20. GRADE MATERIALS QUANTITY PER KG RATE PER KG TOTAL QUANTITY TOTAL RATE CEMENT 1.4 8 23 184 M20 FINE AGGREGATE 201 5 34 170 COARSE AGGREGATE 4.2 4.5 68 306 CEMENT 1.93 8 31 248 M25 FINE AGGREGATE 1.93 5 31 155 COARSE AGGREGATE 3.85 4.5 62 279 TOTAL RS 1342 FOR PERMEABILITY TEST VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.005m³ For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 ) For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 )

21. EXPENDITURE OF MATERIALS MATERIALS TOTAL QUANTITY IN KG TOTAL RATE CEMENT 177 1416 FINE AGGREGATE 213 1065 COARSE AGGREGATE 425 1913 TOTAL 815 RS.4394 Availability of Equipments COMPRESSIVE TESTING MACHINE PERMEABILITY APPARATUS UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE

22. PROPOSED PLAN OF WORK PROPOSED PLAN OF ODD SEMESTER OF WORK PROJECT NAME PROJECT DURATION PROJECT START DATE PROJECT END DATE POROUS CONCRFTE BLOCKS FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING AND URBAN PAVEMENTS 62 DAYS 10/10/2022 12/12/2022 TASK ID TASK DESCRIPTION TASK DURATION START DATE END DATE 1 PROJECT GROUP FORMATION 11 10/10/2022 21/10/2022 2 PROJECT TITLE SELECTION 01 22/10/2022 23/10/2022 3 DISCUSSION WITH SUBJECT EXPERTS 32 24/10/2022 23/11/2022 4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14 24/11/2022 08/12/2022 5 INITIAL TEST 01 09/12/2022 09/12/2022 6 TABULATION ON INITIAL TEST 01 09/12/2022 09/12/2022 7 PREPARATION ON SYNOPSIS 01 10/12/2022 11/12/2022 8 PRESENTATION ON PHASE 1 01 12/12/2022 12/12/2022

23. Conclusion  The size of coarse aggregates, W/C ratio and aggregate to cement ratio plays a crucial role because it increases the strength of concrete.  The two important parameters of pervious concrete is unit weight and void ratio in mix design.  Among the two methods of increasing strength of porous concrete, the addition of fines has gave more value when compared to replacement of cementitious materials.  The addition of fines and replacement of Cementitious will reduce the permeability capacity of pervious concrete.  The compressive strength of pervious concrete is increased by 4.35% when 5% fine aggregates were added to the standard pervious concrete.  The strength of concrete is increased by 6.67% when 6% fine aggregates were added to the standard pervious concrete.  The strength of concrete is increased by 12.96% when 7% fine aggregates were added to the standard pervious concrete.

24. References Sourabh rahandale , shobit maran sumit lakhmanli , mayuresh gidde vol.04 experimental study on previousconcrete . 06 june 2017 Saurabh mehata , viraj surti , rahul shah, yesh shah vol 05. Experimental study on compresssive strenght and permeability of pervious concrete 04 April 2016 NurHidayah A H, Hasanan M N and Ramadhansyah P J and Zaitron H 2014 Appl. Mech. Mater. 554 111 -115[8] Bakar B A, Ramadhanasyah P J and Azmi M M 2011 Mag. Concrete. Res. 63 313-320 A.K. Jain et al. “Effect Of Shape And Size Of Aggregate On Permeability Of Pervious Concrete” [Dec 2011] Journal ofEngineering Research and Studies PP-48-51 Hassani A, Mohammed S, and Ghoddusi P 2010 P. I. Civil. Eng- Transp , 163 183-190 Chindaprasirat P, Hatanaka S, Chareerat T, Mishima N and Yuasa Y 2008 Const. Bulid . Mater. 22 894-901 Zachary Bean E, Frederich Hunt W and Alan Bidelspach D 2007 J. Irrig . Drain. Eng. 133583-592 IS CODE 456:2002- For Mix Design

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