Positioning of Skull for X ray of PNS.pptx

Its details about positioning for Para Nasal sinus views in X ray

1. SKULL

2. PARANASAL SINUSES

3. SELLA TURCICA

4. FACIAL BONES

5. NASAL BONE

6. ZYGOMATIC BONE

7. ORBIT

8. MANDIBLE

9. TEMPORAL BONE

10. MASTOID BONE

11. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 15° caudad toward nasion

-Include all skulls between parietal region and
mandible.

75

20

12. ae posterior clinoid [
num

id bony les
num and sell

IR Size

30 cm (10 x

100 cm

Central Ray

Project 30° caudad tow ve glabella

Respiration

Position

ES

13. ‘Skull AP Axial (Townes,
Skull

Position

1. The patient i

position, or in
Match midsagittal pl
crossing the mide
3. Bend cervical ve
bitomeatal line
4, Lear ) a n

14. Evaluation

1. Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process sh
show in the middle of foramen magnum.

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

3. Penetrating occipital bone, structure of occipitobasal
region must show clearly.

15. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 30° caudad toward 6cm above glabella

-Include all skulls from parietal region to parts of
mandible.

80

20

16. Region

11, dorsum s

Central Ray

roject 24° cephala

Respiration

suspendec

Position

ion of

kull, defor

mation of

17. Skull PA Axial (Reverse Townes, Haas)
‘Skull

Position

The patient is place eith

18. few: X-ray Image

Evaluation 的

1. Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process should)
show in the middle of foramen magnum.

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

3. Penetrating occipital bone, structure of occipitobasal
region must show clearly.

19. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 24° cephalad toward 4cm below inion

-Include all skulls from parietal region to parts of
mandible

75

20

20. Skull Lateral

Region

skull,

Pathology

fracture of skull, deformation of
inflammatory

IR Size

100 cm

Central Ray

Pi vard 4cm a | auditory
meatus (EAM)

Respiration
end

Position

21. ‘Skull Lateral
Skull

Position

1 patient is either in erect position or in 9

ake Infeiror Orbito atal Line (IOML) and
rizontal axis of image receptor (IR) in parallel
t InterPapillary Line (IPL)
t head to make mid:
with IR

22. L

Vid Xray Image

Evaluation Gy

1. If there is no rotation,
overlap with anterior clinoid pi
sphenoid, mandibular rami, extra auditory meatus and
temporomandibular joint.
2. The rotation o la turcica should not be observed
and floor of sella turc hould be shown as a line not
a plane.

If there is no tilt, superior orbital margins should be
shown overlapping each other

23. 25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project toward 4cm above external auditory
meatus (EAM)

-Include all skulls from parietal region to mandible

70

24. Skull Submentoverti

Position
The
in extei
n to image
ace midsagit

t to adhere parie

ead tc
ing the middle
AL) and IR

sct Central X-ray perpendicularly to IOML

25. View

Evaluation

1. The entire skull must be all included and inner
structures of skull should be de depicted with
appropriate density.

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the

ale and foramen spinosum
own clearly in the image.

26. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project toward 5cm above the midpoint of bilateral
external auditory meatus (EAM)

-Include all skulls between from syphysis menti to
occipital bone

20

27. PARANASAL
SINUSES

28. frontal sinus, ethmoid

Pathology

fluid retention and inflamma
frontal si and ethmoid sinu

omyelitis
IR Size
0 cm (10 x 12 inch)

SID
-100 cm

Central Ray

-Project
Respiration

suspended

Position

1 Thanatiant ic ir

inusiti

29. Paranasal Sinus PA 1
Paranasal Sinus

orbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to I
4. Lean forehead and nc
to be placed in the middle of IR

30. View: X-ray Imag

Evaluation

1. Petrous ridge is located 1/3 point from inferior

orbital margin

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
kull should be also symmetric without rotation.

3. Frontal b id sinu

31. [Ethmoid sinus]

nferionOrbital Margin

A
[Mastois Aiacen]

Evaluation

32. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 15° caudad toward nasion

-Include frontal sinus and ethmoid sinus.

75

24

33. Pathology
fluid

IR Size

25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

SID

-100 cm

Central Ray

m behind outer canthus

Respiration.

ended

34. Paranasal Sinus Late!
Paranasal Sinus

Position

atal Line (IOML) and
horizontal r (| llel
just Ir 1 10 pendicular tc
IR and o

35. y Imagd

Evaluation +)

1. If there is no rotation, s a should completas
ap with anterior clinoid p ter wing

of sphenoid
ontours of frontal si axillary s phenoid

and ethmoid

3. The rotation of 51

and floor of sella turc

a plane.

4. If there is no tilt, super

hown overlapping each other

36. Evaluation

1. If there i ) rotation,
overlap with anterior clinoid pr
oid

inu
ca should not b
should

superior orbital margin:
ping each other.

37. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project toward 2cm behind outer canthus

-Include frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoid
sinus and ethmoid sinus

66

16

38. -aranasal Sinus Parietoacanthial (Waters)

dus
AN “7

+)
Region
maxillar s, pyramidal ridge, foramen
otundum

Pathology

Central Ray

Project perpendicularly toward acanthion

Respiration

+ nasition in sittina |

39. Paranasal Sinus Parietoacanthial (Waters)
Paranasal Sinus

Position

The patient is placed ir position, in sitting

rin prone positior
jittal plane (MSP) of head with vertical
le middle of image rece]

40. y around

41. Evaluation

ntal sinus must be

42. 25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward acanthion

-Include frontal sinus and maxillary sinus.

43. rotundum

Pathology

fluid retention and ir
maxillary sinus, sint

IR Size

12 inch)

SID
100 cm
Central Ray

Respiration

Position

the ane

44. Paranasal Sinus Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters)
Paranasal Sinus

Position

1. The patient is placed in erect position, in sitting
tion or in supine position.
ance instruments like pillow or

4. Bend cervical vertebrae to th nough s
OrbitoMeatal Line (OML) can make 37° with IR.

45. +)
1. Frontal sinus and maxillary sinus must be placed a
the center of image and their contours should show

clearly.
2. Superior margin of petrous ridge should be placed in
inferior margin of maxillary sinus

3. Bilateral orbits should make symmetry around nasal
septum.

46. Evaluation

margin of petrous ri Id be plac
inferior margin of maxillar

ound nasal
septum.

47. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward acanthion

-Include frontal sinus and maxillary sinus.

80

28

48. nus Open M

Pathology

fluid rete ndition
nusitis,

cm (10 x 12 inch)

Central Ray
Project p

Respiration

suspended

49. Paranasal Sinus Open Mouth Waters (Pirie)
Paranasal Sinus

Position
9

position or in prone p
gittal plane (MSP) of head with vertica
eceptor (IR)

50. ow under the maxillary
ow in the image of

51. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation D

1. Frontal sinus and maxillary sinu: be placed =
the center of image and their contours should show

how under the maxillary sini
hould show in the image of

ymmetry around n

52. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

Project perpendicularly toward the center of mouth

-Include frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and sphenoid
sinus

53. Paranasal Sinus Submentovertical
huller)

Pathology

fluid retention and inflammatory condition of
ethmoid sinus, sinusitis,

-100 cm

Central Ray

mandibular symphysis

Respiration
d

54. and the head on to th
ost to adhere parietal region to image re
tal plane
rtical
Inferior OrbitoMe;
arallel with |
4. Project Central

56. on the center
phenoid

c and the

nosum

57. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)
-100 cm

-Project 4cm below mandibular symphysis

-Include all paranasal sinuses from symphysis
menti to foramen magnum.

80

28

58. SELLA
TURCICA

59. Sella Turcica AP Axial
Sella Turcica

Position

Bend vical
orbitomeatal line (

60. -dorsum s
magnum

Pathology

deforma

m (8 x 10 inch)

100 cm

Central Ray

Project 30° caudad toward 4cm above
arch

Respiration

pended

61. cting
ellae
hould be
2. When pro
Line (IOML), it is e

magnum
3. Bilateral petrou

skull should be alsc

62. ough occipital bone.
Inferior OrbitoMeatal

ind
n

region mus

63. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 30° caudad toward 4cm above superciliary
arch

-Include all of sella turcica and foramen magnum
and parts of occipital bone.

80

28

64. lla Turcica Latera

y Sella Turcica

clinoid pr ving of sphenoid prot

Pathology

ormation of sell
cification o

IR Size

SID
-100 cm

Central Ray
in front of

65. Sella Turcica Lateral
Sella Turcica

Position

in erect p

al Line (I
allel with ho
Adjust InterPapil

head

5. By adhering patient's ear to IR, maintain true lateral
position.

66. Evaluation

a should not be observed
line not

uld be

shown overlapping each other

67. w: X-ray Image

Evaluation

1. If ther N,
overlap with anterior clinoid pro
tra auditory rr

is no tilt, superior orbital margins should be
erlapping each other.

68. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

Project 2cm above and 2cm in front of external
auditory meatus (EAM)

Include the entire sella turcica

69. FACIAL BONES

70. Region
facial bone, orbital rim,
tum

Pathology

P

Respiration

spended

Position

1.The patient is in erect position, in sitting position

71. Facial Bone PA 15° ((
Facial Bone

A

ent is in erect pı

Position

72. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation 2

1. Petrous ridge is located 1/3 point from inferior
orbital margin.

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

3. Frontal bone, nasal septum, zygomatic bone, orbit,
etc should show clearly.

73. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

100 cm

-Project 15° caudad toward nasion

-Include all facial bones from parietal region to
maxilla.

75

25

74. Region
facial bo

Pathology

-fractur facial bor ion, orbital
fracture

IR Size

cm

Central Ray

Project 30° caudad tov

Respiration

suspended

Position

1. The patient is in erect position, in sitting position
or in prone position

2. Match midsagittal plane (A read with
vertical ing the middle of imag 미미

75. Facial Bone PA 30°
Facial Bone

Position

lace nasion on the center of IR,
on IR gently

76. Evaluation

1. Petrous ridge appears below superior orbital margin,
and can be seen included in orbital margin

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

3. Frontal bone, nasal septum, zygomatic bone, etc
should v well, especially inferior orbital margin
should be shown clearly.

77. Evaluation

1. Petrous ridge appears below superior orbital marçis
and can be seen included in orbital margin.

2. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

3. Frontal bone, nasal septum, zygomatic bone, etc
should show well, especially inferior orbital margin
should be shown clearly.

78. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 30° caudad toward nasion

-Include all facial bones from parietal region to
maxilla.

75

79. | Bone Lateral

Pathology

fracture of facial
IR Size

x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

SID

100 cm

Central Ray

rmation, tumor

80. Facial Bone Lateral
Facial Bone

Position

stp

al Line (IOML) to

81. Facial Bone Lateral
Facial Bone

Position

The patient is placed either in erect position or in
semi-prone position.
3 Inferior OrbitoMeatal Line (IOM

82. Evaluation
1. If there is no rotation, sella turcica should complets

overlap with anterior clinoid process, greater wing of

sphenoid, mandibular rami, extra auditory meatu

temporomandibular joint.

2. Zygomaric bone should show in the middle of imag
The rotation lla turcica should not be observed

and floor of sella turcica should be shown as a line not

aplan

4. If there is no tilt, superior orbital margins should be

shown overlapping each other.

83. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward zygomatic betwee
outer canthus and external auditory meatus (EAM

-Include all facial bones from parietal region to
maxilla and mandibular condyle

75

84. NASAL BONE

85. H Nasal Bone Lateral

Region

nasal bone, soft t

Pathology
fractur 0

IR Size

5 cm (8 x 10 inch)

SID

100 cm

Central Ray
-Project perpendicularly toward 1.5cm bel
nasion

Respiration

ct position or in

86. Nasal Bone Lateral
Nasal Bone

er in erect position or in

Make Inferior OrbitoMeatal Line (IOML) to be ir
with horizontal axis of image receptor (IR)

lla o be perpendicular t
ad to make midsagitt
VIR

4, Place the center of IR to be 1.5 cmt

5, By adhering patier , maintain t

position

87. Evaluation

1. All structures of nasal bones including soft tissue æ$
nasal bone should be included in the image. に
2. Nasal bones must not overlap with any other facial
bones.

88. Fray Image

Evaluation D
1. All structures of nasal bones including soft tissue. 5
nasal bone should be included in the image.

2. Nasal bones must not overlap with any other facial
bones.

89. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward 1.5cm below
nasion

-Include nasal bones from glabella to anterior nasal
spine

Cn
a

90. Region

asal bone,

Pathology

IR Size

20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

SID
100 cm

Central Ray

atient is ple

91. Nasal Bone Axial
Nasal Bone

Position

1. The patient is p he ition or ing
prone position
e it ab age
rt to make a slop
olar Line (GAL)

cular to IR.

fIR by

92. perpendicular to 1
Vhen using standard occlusal film, adjust
E P) to match with midline

93. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation D

1. All structures of nasal bones including soft tissue. 5
nasal bone should be included in the image.

2. Nasal bones must not overlap with any other facial
bones.

94. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation D

1. All structures of nasal bones including soft tissue 的
nasal bone should be included in the image.

2. Nasal bones must not overlap with any other facial
bones.

95. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project to the direction matching with
GlabelloAlveolar Line (GAL)

-Include all nasal bones of right and left septa
cartilages.

55

96. ZYGOMATIC
BONE

97. Pathology

-fractt

IR Size

dicularly to d 4cm belc

Position

The patient d either in er
ine no: ind the head i:

98. 2 midsagittal plane (MSP) of head to
artical axi y the middle of IR
oMeatal Line (IOML) to be in

rpendicularly to IC

99. Zygomatic Bone Submentovertical (SupinegBasilar, M
Schuller)

Zygomatic Bone

View: Side.

Position a

1. The patient is placed either in erect position or in
upine position and the head is in n to the back

100. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation

1. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly at the lateral
side of mandibular rami without overlapping

2. Shapes and sizes of bilateral mandibular rami and
zygomatic arches should be symmetric.

3. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly by
appropriate exposure.

101. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation

1. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly at the lateral
side of mandibular rami without overlapping.

2. Shapes and sizes of bilateral mandibular rami and
zygomatic arches should be symmetric.

3. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly by
appropriate exposure.

102. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-Project perpendicularly toward 4cm below
mandibular symphysis

-Include the entire zygomatic bone from symphysis
menti to temporal bone

103. Zygomatic E

Region

matic arch

Pathology
fi

IR Size

25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

SID

100 cm

Central Ray

rd 4cm belov

nand

104. Zygomatic Bone Arch
Zygomatic Bone

Position

The patient i n erect pos
in extension ack at the mos!
region tc or (IR)
Place plane (MSP) oft
rpendicular to vertical axis c
Make Infe OrbitoMea
th IR.

Line (I

X-ray perpendiculai

tion and th

to adhere

read tc

headi:

105. Zygomatic Bone Arch (Erect, Basilar, Schuller)
Zygomatic Bone
a

View: Side

sition and the head is
at the most to adhere parietal

) of head to be

the middle of IR.
in

106. View: X-ray Imag

Evaluation +)

1. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly at the latagg!
side of mandibular rami without overlapping.

2. Shapes and sizes of bilateral mandibular rami and
zygomatic arches should be symmetric.

3. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly by
appropriate exposure.

107. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

100 cm

-Project
mandib

perpendicularly toward 4cm below
lar symphysis

-Include the entire zygomatic bone from symphysis
menti to temporal bone.

60

108. 16 Arch (Erect, Tangenti

ygomatic arch

Pathology

x 10 inch)

SID

-100 cm

Central Ray

Jicularly to infraorbit

rd zygomatic arch

Respiration
spended

Position
in ition
> make Inferior Orbit
) 1 parallel wit
e the head in maximal extension to the back
here parietal reaion to IR.

109. Zygomatic Bone Arch
Zygomatic Bone

Position

1, The patient is in erect position.
to make Inferior OrbitoMeatal L
ge receptor (IR), p

the back and adhi

e the head 15° t

is and place
of IR
ct Central X-ray perpendicularly to IC

arct

110. View: X-ray Image]

Evaluation

1. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly at the lateral
side of mandibular rami without overlapping.

2. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly by
appropriate exposure.

111. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation a

1. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly at the Ei
side of mandibular rami without overlapping.

2. Zygomatic arch should be shown clearly by
appropriate exposure.

112. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly to infraorbitomeatal line
(IOML) toward zygomatic arch

-Include parts of mandible and the entire zygomati
bone

60

12

113. ORBIT

114. Region

-orbit, superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital rim

Pathology

ital fracture, tumor

IR Size
m (10 x 12 inch)

caudad toward nasion

ion, in sitting

115. Orbit PA (Caldwell)

Orbit

sition
ttal plane (N
ing the middle of image receptor (IR)
ertebrae toward enough to make
) perpendicular to |
1 on the center of IR, lean forehead

116. 4

$

À
F À

=

y

pá View

orbit must show clearly in ts
ould make

rior orbital margin
d in orbital margin

117. Evaluation

1. All
imag

118. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 25° caudad toward nasion

-Include all orbits.

SI

o

20

119. Orbit Parietoacanthial (Modifiec

bital rim

Pathology
orbital fracture

IR Size

30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

Central Ray

Pr t perpendicularly toward na

Respiration

Position

patient is
ion or in prone pos
ittal p

120. Orbit Parietoacanthial

Orbit

1. The patient is placed in erect position, in sitting

posit

x in prone position
ttal pl SP) of he vertical

> middle of im:
ical verte ] enoug
n touch IR and lean the chin on IR gently
he midpoint between bilateral orbits in the

middle of IR

121. Orbit Parietoacanthial fers)
Orbit

Position

1. The patient is placed in e
ition or in prone position

tch mid:

122. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation

123. Evaluation

1. All bone

nmetric around ni
3. Inferior orbital margin s
lapp with peti

124. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward nasion

-Include all orbits.

20

125. ieto-orbital (Rhe:

Region

optic foramen, optic canal

Pathology

orbital fracture around optic foramen, tumor

SID

-100 cm

Central Ray

Project perpendicularly to outer canthus

Respiration
end

Position

The patient is pl:
position or in prone position.

126. Optic Foramen Parieto-orbital (Rhese Meth
Optic Foramen

Position

1. The patient is placed in erect position, in sitting
n or in pre ition.
rder for midsagitta ( ead to m
with image rece state the head 3

ard > y rbit
AcanthoMeatal Line (
ndicular
and pose apex of nose and jaw to

Place the midpoint between bilateral orbits in the
middle of IR

127. à
+
1. Optic foramen should show clearly as a circle in thay

image.
2. Optic foramen should show at the inferolateral

surface of orbits.

128. [Optic Foramen] js
à 3 Superior, Orbital Fissure)

ㆍ Maxillary Sinus)

a

X-ray Image

>
내
1. Optic foramen should show clearly as a circle in thay
image

2. Optic foramen should show at the inferolateral
surface of orbits.

129. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly to outer canthus

-Include all orbits

20

130. Region

-optic foramen, optic

Pathology

tumor

IR Size
20
SID

100 cm

Central Ray

Project perpendicularly to outer canthus

Respiration

sus

Position

is plac

131. Optic Foramen Orbitoparietal (Rhese Method)
Optic Foramen

Position

p otate th
ide of filming or

make
Placether

132. v: X-ray Image]

Evaluation D

foramen should show clearly as cle in tha

oramen | at the inferolateral

133. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation 을

1. Optic foramen should show clearly as a circle in thay

image.
2. Optic foramen should show at the inferolateral
surface of orb

134. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly to outer canthus

-Include all orbits.

20

135. MANDIBLE

136. ll
조에

Region

mand tempo

Pathology

fracture of mandibular bo
temporomandibular joint

IR Size
-25 x 30 cm (1(

SID
100 cm

Central Ray
Project perp:

Respiration

Position

vandibular joint

137. Mandible PA (Body)
Mandible

atient i: n C on, in sitting
sition or in p
atch midsagittal plane (MSP) of head with verti
crossing the middle R
al vertebre rd enough to make

5rbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to IR

Place acanthion on the center

al

138. 1. Mandible should not be rotated and bilateral cond
ould be shown symmetrically.
ar process and coronoid process of mandible
should show overlapping with each other.

139. Evaluation

View: X-ray Imag

+)
char

and coronoid process of mandible
with each

140. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward acanthion

-Include all structures of mandible from condylar
process to mentum

141. Region

山 Jibular rami, <

Pathology

-fracture of mandibular rami, dis
temporomandibular joint

IR Size

25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

SID

-100 cm

Central Ray

Project 30° cephalad toward the midpoint betv
bila ndylar pro

Respiration

ended

Position

L The natiant ic nlacad in are

142. Mandible PA (Rami)

A
11)
A : A

Position

1. The patient is placed in erect position, in si
sition or in prone position.
h midsagittal plane (MSP) of head with vertical
ing the middle of image receptor (IR
tebrae E h
gently
le with I

ter of IR

143. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation

rotated and bilateral co
/mmetrically
ss of mandible

nandibular joint that b
mandible and mandibulai

144. 1. Mandible should not be rotated and bilateral condylar
pr hould be shown symmetrical!

2. Condylar process and coronoid process of mandible
should show overlapping with each oth

3. Temporomandibular joint that bilateral

process of mandible and mandibular fc

show.

145. 25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 30° cephalad toward the midpoint between
bilateral condylar process

Include all structures of mandible from condylar
process to mentum

75

12

146. Region

mandible, mandibular body, mentum

Pathology

-fracture of mandibular rami, dislocatic
temporomandibular joint

IR Size

0 cm (10 x 12 inch)

SID
-100 cm

Central Ray

Proj ~ jad te d mandibul:

Respiration
ended

Position
1. Ther

147. Mandible Axiolateral
Mandible

Position

atient is either in erect position or in semi-pro

sition.

2. Adjust InterPapillary Line (IPL) to be perpendicular to

receptor (IR) and adjust head to make

agittal plane be in paralle IR

3. Hold out the chin forward so that mandible a
ae do not overlap each othe

Depending on inspecting area, rotate the head 15

5. Place man
adhere patient's chee

148. View: Xray Image|

Evaluation 的
1. Mandible should be tilted and in rotation and the a
inspecting mandible should be shown below the
opposite side.

2. Condylar process and coronoid process must be
separated clearly.

149. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 20°~25° cephalad toward mandibular body

-Include all structures of mandible from condylar
process to mentum

20

150. (Basilar

Region

mandi

Pathology
>ronoid

IR Size

cm (10 x 12 inch)

Central Ray

-Project perpendicularly to below mentum

Respiration

Position

151. View: X-ray Image]

Evaluation +)

1. Mandible should not be rotated and bilateral cond Agr
process should be shown symmetrically.

2. Coronoid process appears at lateral sides of
mandibular rami and the two structures should partially
overlap each other.

3. Condylar process should appear in front of petrol
ridge.

152. iylold Process]

的
1. Mandible should not be rotated and bilateral condydar
process should be shown symmetrically.
2. Coronoid process appears at lateral sides of
mandibular rami and the two structures should partially
overlap each other.
3. Condylar process should appear in front of petrous

153. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project perpendicularly toward 4cm below mentum

-Include all structures of mandible from condylar
process to mentum

70

20

154. temporomandibule
mandibular condy

Pathology

dysfunction of temporomandibular joint

IR Size

? inch)

100 cm

Central Ray
-Pro

Respiration

Position

155. TM joint Townes (Open and CI5s
TM joint

Position

tient is in erect position, in sitting position (를
ine position.
atch midsagittal plane (MSP) ( h vertical
crossing the middle of image receptor
10 cel toward enough to make
orbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to IR and lean
occipital on IR gently
vith mouth closed and take it again with

156. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation a

1. Temporomandibular joint that bilateral condylar
process of mandible and mandibular fossa make mus
show clearly.

2. Right and left of temporomandibular joint should
appear symmetrically.

3. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

157. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation 4)

1. Temporomandibular joint that bilateral condylar
process of mandible and mandibular fossa make must
show clearly.

2. Right and left of temporomandibular joint should
appear symmetrically.

3. Bilateral petrous ridges should be symmetric and the
skull should be also symmetric without rotation.

158. -25 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 35° caudad toward 5cm above glabella

-Include from temporal bone to mandibular rami.

159. TM joint Axiolateral (Open and Close}

omandibular joint, ma
mandibular condyle

Pathology
emporomandibular joint

IR Size

SID

100 cm

Central Ray

Project 25°- m above
2cm anterior to the of ternal auditory
meatus (EAM) of the filming side

Respiration

160. TM joint Axiolateral ((
TM joint

Position

1. The patient is either in ere ) in semi-pi

positior

2. Adjust InterPapillary Line (IPL) to be perpendicula
{ju

al axis of IR
bular joint on the cent
to IR.

161. TI iolateral (Open and Close)

on or in semi-prame

perpendicular to
d to make

162. X-ray Image

Evaluation

nporomandibule t that bilateral y
of mandible and mandibular fossa make must

inside of mandibular

mandibular fo
3. Bilateral |
ul

163. ray Imag

+)

oromandibular joint that bilateral condylar
dibl bular fc

in nd
d and in front of

ld be symmetric and the
thout rı

164. 20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

100 cm

-Project 25°~30° caudad toward 2cm above and
2cm anterior to the opposite external auditory
meatus (EAM) of the filming side

-Include from temporal bone to mandibular rami

70

20

165. ique (Open and

Pathology

dysfunction of tempor joint

IR Size

SID
100 cm

Central Ray

Position
‘he ns tis nlaced ai 1 erect nas

166. TM joint Axiolateral land Close)
TM joint

1. The patient is placed either in erect position or in ¿a
osition.
Papillary Line (IPL) to be perpendicular to
r (IR) and

L) in parallel
oint to IR

e temporomanc
he 1

167. y Imac

Evaluation 的

)

appears inside of mandibular
sa when the mouth is ed and in front of
sa when uth e

168. X-ray Image

Evaluation

1. Temporomandibular joint that bilateral
f mandible and mandit

dibular
id in front of
d.

169. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-Project 15° caudad toward 4cm above external
auditory meatus (EAM)

-Include from temporal bone to mandibular rami

170. TEMPORAL BONE

171. temporal b
toid air cell

Pathology

inflammation of petrous ridge and mastoi
tumor and foreign body of internal

IR Size

Respiration

nded

172. Temporal Bone Axiolateral (Stenvers)
Temporal Bone

Position

1. The patient is p
ti

173. |
Temporal Bone Axiolateral (
Temporal Bone

ne patient is placed either ir

or (IR) and a
SP) to

temporal bone on tl
cheek to IR

174. X-ray Image

Evaluation

1. All structures of temporal bone like petrous rid
internal acoustic meatus, mastoid air cell, etc mus
show clearly.

2. Front side of petrous ridges should appear clearly
without any distortion

3. Bony labyrinth and typanic cavity can be observed
below petrous ridge

175. Wi temporal Bono}
A
gl
à
| -
le _ Mastoid’Air coll]
np.
“~.
[Mastoic process)
Evaluation

1. All structures of temporal bone like petrous ridge, 을
internal acoustic meatus, mastoid air cell, etc must
show clearly.

2. Front side of petrous ridges should appear clearly
without any distortion.

3. Bony labyrinth and typanic cavity can be observed
below petrous ridge.

176. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 12° cephalad toward external auditory
meatus (EAM)

-Include all structures of temporal bone from
petrous ridge to mastoid process

20

177. Pathology

-inflammation of
tumor and fore

-100 cm

Central Ray
-Project 10° caudad toward e
meatus ( M) of filming sid:
Respiration

nded

al auditory

178. Temporal Bone Axiolateral (Arcelin)
Temporal Bone

Position

179. Evaluation

show clearly.
2. Front side of petrous ridg
without any distortion

Bony labyrinth and typanic
below petrous ridge.

X-ray Image

should appear clearly

vity can bi

erved

180. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation

1. All structures of temporal bone like petrous ridge,
internal acoustic meatus, mastoid air cell, etc must
show clearly.

2. Front side of petrous ridges should appear clearly
without any distortion.

3. Bony labyrinth and typanic cavity can be observed
below petrous ridge.

181. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

100 cm

-Project 10° caudad toward external auditory
meatus (EAM) of filming side

-Include all structures of temporal bone from
petrous ridge to mastoid process

20

182. MASTOID BONE

183. etrom id Axiolateral (Henschen,
Schullel holm)

meatus, mastoid air cell
bular joint

Pathology
fracture, in and tumor of

IR Size

SID

-100 cm

Central Ray

Respiration

ended

184. Petromastoid Axi
Lysholm)

Petromastoid

Position

1. The patient is pla
emi-prone
2. Make Inferior OrbitoMeatal Line (IOML) in parallel

ju e ob rpendicular to
image r 2 ad make
rallel with IR.

e the filming temporal bone in the mida
tain true lateral position by adherin

185. site mastoid process of filming
er of the filming n id pro:

186. y with appro

f filming side
g mastoid proce:

187. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)
100 cm

Project toward external auditory meatus (EAM) 1
caudad in Henschen's method, 25* caudad in
Schuller's method and 35° caudad in Lysholm's
method

-Include all structures of temporal bone around
mastoid process

20

188. Petromastoid Axiolateral (Modified

omastoid

Region

ernal auditory meatu
dibular joint

Pathology

-fracture, inflammation and tumc

IR Size

25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

caudad toward 4cm
| audito

Respiration

spended

189. romastoid A

Region
lemporomandibular joint

Pathology
racture, inflammation and tul

IR Size

25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

Respiration

spended

190. Petromastoid Axiolateral (Modified Law)
Petromastoid

sed either in erect position or in 을

atal Line (IOML) in parallel
> perpendicular to

head to make

aintain true lateral positi
io IR

191. Evaluation

must show clearly with appropriz

2. The opposite mastoid process of filming side should
of the filming mastoid proce

192. View: X-ray Image]

Evaluation

1, Mastoid process must show clearly with appropri.

contra:

2. The opposite mastoid process of filming side should
be anterior-lower of the filming mastoid process and
they should not overlap each other.

3. The filming temporomandibular joint should be

lo d in front of filming mastoid pro:

193. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

Project 15° anterior and 15°caudad toward 4cm
above and 4cm posterior to external auditory
meatus (EAM)

-Include all structures of temporal bone around
mastoid process

75

20

194. Pathology

-fracture, inflammation a

IR Size

SID

-100 cm

Central Ray

lad ti rd 4cm
to external auditory mi

| Oblique (Law)

195. Petromastoid Axiolateral Oblique (Law)
Petromastoid

Position

1. The patient is p

semi-prone position
2. Adjust InterPapilları

196. View: X-ray Image

Evaluation aN

1 oid proc: st show clearly with appropr
cont i

2. The opposite mastoid process of filming side should
be anterior-lower of the filming nd
they should not overlap each other.

3. The filming temporomandibular joint

|

197. Evaluation

1. Mastoid
contras|

7 oth
3. The filming temporomandibular joint sl
located in front of filming m id pr

198. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 15°caudad toward 4cm above and 4cm
posterior to external auditory meatus (EAM)

-Include all structures of temporal bone around
mastoid process

20

199. 「 ( F Axiolateral Obliqu
F ㅜ
*

Region

external auditory meatu
temporomandibular joint

Pathology

-fracture, inflammation and tumor

8 x 10 inch)

Project 45° rd external auditory
meatus (EAM

Respiration
spended

Position

200. n or in si

IPL) to be perpendicular to
1 adjust head to make
allel with
OML

4. Rotate the head 45” towards the opposite side
filming temporal bone.

201. Petromastoid Axiolateral Oblique (Mayer)
Petromastoid

Position

1. The patient is either in erect position or in supine ¿2
position.
{just InterPapillary Line (IPL) to be perpendicular to
and adjust head to make
in parallel with IF
OML) in para

4. Rotate the head 45° tc s the op ite side of
filming temporal bone

203. Evaluation

1. External auditory meatus, typanic cavity, bony

204. -20 x 25 cm (8 x 10 inch)

-100 cm

-Project 45°caudad toward external auditory
meatus (EAM)

-Include all structures of temporal bone around
mastoid process

75

20