Postpartum-Hemorrhage.pptx

PPH, Post partum haemorrhage,

1. Postpartum Hemorrhage Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious complication of childbirth that can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. It occurs when a woman loses more than 500 ml of blood within the first 24 hours of childbirth. B Basavaraj S Hukkeri Belagavi, Karnataka

2. Definition of PPH Primary PPH Defined as blood loss of 500 ml or more within 24 hours after delivery. Secondary PPH Defined as blood loss of 500 ml or more after the first 24 hours and up to 12 weeks postpartum. Refractory PPH Defined as continued bleeding despite all conventional measures.

3. Causes of PPH Placenta previa A condition where the placenta covers the cervix partially or completely, leading to bleeding during delivery. Uterine atony A condition where the uterus fails to contract after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding. Perineal tear A tear in the perineum, which is the tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus, leading to bleeding.

4. Signs and Symptoms of PPH 1 Early Signs Tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, and cool and clammy skin. 2 Late Signs Dizziness, confusion, chest pain, dyspnea, and cessation of urine output. 3 Severe Signs Unresponsive, shock, and cardiac arrest.

5. Diagnosis of PPH Visual estimation Doctors visually assess the amount of blood loss in pads and blood-saturated sheets. Weighing Doctors weigh the blood-soaked pads and sheets and calculate the amount of blood loss based on weight.

6. Treatment Options for PPH Blood transfusion If the woman has lost a significant amount of blood, doctors may give her a blood transfusion to compensate the blood loss. Uterine artery embolization A minimally invasive procedure that blocks the blood vessels supplying the uterus to stop bleeding. Surgical interventions If other treatments are not successful, the woman may need surgery, such as a hysterectomy to remove the uterus.

7. Prevention Strategies for PPH 1 Active management of the third stage of labor A process where the healthcare provider administers medication to the mother to assist in delivering the placenta and prevent excessive blood loss. 2 Uterotonic agents Drugs such as oxytocin that stimulate uterine contractions and minimize blood loss. 3 Early recognition and management Healthcare providers must be able to recognize PPH early and take immediate action to stop the bleeding.

8. Conclusion and Key Takeaways PPH can be life-threatening PPH is a serious complication of childbirth that can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and management are key Healthcare providers must be able to recognize PPH early and take immediate action to stop the bleeding. Prevention strategies are essential Active management of the third stage of labor and uterotonic agents are some of the prevention strategies for PPH.