Poultry farming

It gives introduction on what is poultry farming and started with riddles. It also explains about the PURPOSE OF POULTRY FARMING, Different breeds of chickens, live poultry selection steps, TYPES OF BREEDS - INDIGENOUS BREEDS
- EXOTIC BREEDS, The common 5 types of breeds, types of poultry farming, STEPS IN CHICKEN REARING,BYPRODUCTS OF POULTRY, DISEASES OF THE POULTRY & conclusion.

1. POULTRY FARMING
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil(Edn), M.Phil(ZOO), NET, Ph.D(Edn)
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI -34

2. RIDDLE
•You have a fox, a chicken and a sack
of grain.
•You must cross a river only one of
them at a time.
•If you leave the fox with the chicken
he will eat it; if you leave the chicken
with the grain he will eat it.
•If you leave the chicken with the
grain he will eat it.
•How can you get all three across
safely?
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3. •
I HAVE A LITTLE HOUSE IN WHICH I LIVE ALL ALONE.
•
IT HAS NO DOORS OR WINDOWS.
•
AND IF I WANT TO GO OUT I MUST BREAK THROUGH
•
THE WALL WHAT AM I?
•
FIND WHO AM I?
RIDDLE
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4. ANSWER
•EGG
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5. 9/4/2021 5

6. INTRODUCTION
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which
raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys
and geese to produce meat or eggs for food.
Chickensare themost commonpart of thepoultryindustry, but
turkeys, ducks, and geese are also included.
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7. CONTd.,
•Poultryscience is the study of practices and principles
involved in production and marketing ofpoultryand its
products. ... It include breeding, nutrition, management,
housing, disease control and marketing.
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8. PURPOSE OF POULTRY FARMING
POULTRYis defined as the
domestication of birds for
obtaining their feathers, eggs,
meat etc.
It consists offour
mainareas of
production: Broiler,
Egg, Pullet, and
Breeder bird
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9. dIFFeReNT bReeds OF ChICkeNs ARe…
•Laying
•Meat-producing
•Dual-purpose
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10. LIve POULTRY seLeCTION sTePs ARe..
•Whenselecting poultry, there are several quality points
that you should keep in mind to ensure. They are
Clean &
free from
blemishes
or bruises
Poultry
Fresh
smell with
no off
odors
Plump
Firm
fresh
Fresh &
healthy
birds
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11. TYPes OF bReeds
INdIGeNOUs bReeds
•Indigenous Chickens have
lived in rural villages and
have adapted to the local
environment and conditions
•It’s referred to as
'indigenous', 'native', 'local' or
'traditional' poultry
•It’s a pure breeds
•Production and expenditure is
very less.
eXOTIC bReeds
•Exotic means foreign is not
native.
•It’s referred as cross breed.It’s
crossed with the indigenous
once and product artificially
bred offspring.
•It’s referred to as crossbreeding
•They will be producing yield
much betterthan the indigenous
ones
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12. INdIGeNOUs bReeds
KADAKNATH
ASEEL
CHITTAGONG VANARAJA
GIRIRAJA
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13. eXOTIC bReeds
BRAHMA
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14. The COMMON bReeds
1. Egg layers type
2. Broiler type
3. Dual type
4. Games type
5. Ornamental type
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15. eGG LAYeR TYPes
Chittagong
•
It is the breed chiefly found in West Bengal.
•They are golden or light yellowcoloured.
•The beakis long and yellowin colour.
•Earlobesand wattlesare smalland red in colour.
•They are good egg layers and are delicious
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16. Leghorn:
•This is the most popular commercial
breed in India and originated from
Italy.
• They are small, compact with a single
comb and wattles with white, brown or
black colour.
• They mature early and begin to lay
eggs at the age of 5 or 6 months.
• Hence these are preferred in
commercial farms.
• They can also thrive well in dry areas.
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17. BROILER TYPESThese are well known for fast growth
and soft quality meat. Eg: White
Plymouth rock.
White Plymouth rock:
•They have white plumage throughout
the body.
•It is commonly used in broiler
production.
•This is an American breed.
•It is a fast growing breed and well
suitable for growing intensively in
confined farms.
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18. dUAL PURPOse bReedsThese are for both meat and egg
production purpose. Eg: Brahma
Brahma:
•It is a breed popularly known for
its massive body having heavy
bones, well featheredand
proportionate body.
•Pea combis one of the important
breed characters.
•It has two common varieties
namely, LightBrahma and Dark
Brahma.
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19. GAMe TYPes
•Aseelis an important native
chicken breed of India,
known for its martial
qualities (aggressive fighting
abilities),pugnacity, and
majestic gait.
•The productivity is low
inAseelchickens, but the
birds are known for their
meat quality with desirable
taste and flavour.
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20. ORNAMeNTAL
TYPesOrnamental chicken are reared as pets in
addition to their use for egg production and
meat.Eg: Silkie
Silkie:
•It is a breed of chicken has a typical fluffy
plumage, which is said to feel like silk and
satin.
•The breed has numerous additional special
characters, such as black skin and bones,
blue earlobes, and five (5) toes on each foot,
while the majority chickens only have four.
•They are exhibited in poultry shows, and
come out in various colours.
•Silkies are well recognized for their calm,
friendly temperament.
•Silkie is especially simple to maintain as pets.
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21. TYPes OF POULTRY FARMING
Egg-
layingchickens
Free-rangeYarding
Battery
cage
Furnished
cage
Indoor
broiler
Free-range
broilers
Organic
broilers
Humane
treatment
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22. vARIOUs MeThOds OF POULTRY FARMING
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23. FRee RANGe FARMING MeThOd
•Free range farming requires more
open space, better management and
production sometimes get affected by
climatic conditions.
•Farmer have to take more care of the
flock on unfavorable climatic
conditions
•Requires regular inspection to keep
the poultry birds free from any
diseases and to produce quality eggs
and meat.
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24. FRee-RANGe ROAMING
•Atfreerangepoultryfarming,thefarmerprovides
freerangeroamingfacilityforthepoultrybirdsfora
certainperiodofthedayandtheyarekeptinsidethe
cageatnightfrompredatorsandadverseweather
conditions.
•Generally,infree-rangepoultryfarming,thechickens
roamfreelyattheday-timewhichmeanstheyspent
halfoftheirlifeoutsidethecage.Thismakesthem
naturallymorehealthyandresistanttodiseasesby
naturalmeans.
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25. FRee-RANGe
POULTRY •For free-range poultry birds farming, an open
space with adequate drainage facilities good
ventilation, protection from prevailing
winds, predators, excessive heat or cold
or dampness.
•Excessive cold, dampness and heat
adversely affect the productivityof the
free-range poultry birds.
•The main advantage of this method is it
needs less feedas the chickens roam freely,
they find more food naturally. Although free-
range poultry farming is very suitable for egg
laying poultry birds it has difficulties too.
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26. ORGANIC MeThOd
•Atorganicmethod,asmallnumberof
certainpoultrybirdsarerearedbyorganic
methodswithlowstockdensity.
•Organicsystemshavesomerestrictionsin
theroutineandfeedingsystem.
•Inorganiclayingsystems,theproducer
shouldkeepthenumberofpoultrybirdsby
1000perhectorandmaximum2000birds
ineachhouse.
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27. •Amethodinwhichcowsandhens
areraisedtogetherisgenerally
termedastheyardingmethod.
•Smallfarmersmakeafenceinhis
yardandkeepallthepoultrybirds
andcowsinit,sotheyarefreeto
moveinsideandroamaroundthat
space.
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YARdING MeThOd

28. bATTeRY CAGe MeThOd
•Itisaverycommonmethodpopularandusedinmanycountries.
Inthismethod,asmallmetalcagewhichcanaccommodate3to
8hensisused.
•Generally,thewallsofthecagearemadeofmeshorsolidmetal
andthefloorismadeslopedtodropthefaecesdown.Whenthe
henlayseggs,theeggwillbecollectedineggcollecting
conveyorbeltofthecage.
•Foodisprovidedinfrontofthecagebyalongbisectedmetalor
semi-circleplasticpipeandwaterisservedtotheusing
overheadnipplesystem.Thecagesarearrangedinrowsand
oneaboveanother.
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29. beNeFITs OF bATTeRY
CAGe sYsTeM
•Usually,therewillbeseveralfloorskeptunderoneroof
whichcancontainthousandsofhens.Thelightintensityis
keptlowerthan10luxtoreducefeatherandventpecking.
Themainbenefitsofbatterycagesystemare:
•Easy to care birds
•Easy to collect eggs
•Requires less feed for maximum egg productivity
•Thousands of hens can be accommodated in less space.
•Bird suffer less by internal parasites
•Low labour cost
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30. FURNIshed CAGe MeThOd
•Itcanbesaidastheupdated
versionofthebatterycage
system.Inthissystem,hensget
morespaceandfacilitiesthanthe
batterycagesystem.Theywillget
sufficientspacetowalk,perch,
flaptheirwings,nest,specialfeed
andwaterpotetc.
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31. FURNISHED CAGE METHODBATTERY CAGEBattery cage method is widely used in large scale poultry farms.
Free range, Organic and Yarding methods are eco-friendly and the eggs produced by such
farming practices are preferred in the market.
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32. sTePs IN ChICkeN ReARING
There are some steps involved in rearing of
chicken.
1. Selection of the best layer: An active
intelligent looking bird, with a bright
comb, not obese should be selected.
2. Selection of eggs for hatching: Eggs
should be selected very carefully. Eggs
should be fertile, medium sized, dark
brown shelled and freshly laid eggs
are preferred for rearing. Eggs should
be washed, cleaned and dried.
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33. CONTd.,
3. Incubation and hatching: The maintenance
of newly laid eggs in optimum condition till
hatching is called incubation. The fully
developed chick emerges out of egg after an
incubation period of 21 –22 days. There are two
types of incubation namely natural incubation
and artificial incubation.
•In the natural incubation method, only a
limited number of eggs can be incubated by
a mother hen.
•In artificial incubation, more number of eggs
can be incubated in a chamber (Incubator).
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34. 4. Brooding Caring and management of young
chicks for 4–6 weeks immediately after
hatching is called brooding. It can also be
categorized into two types namely natural and
artificial brooding.
5. Housing of Poultry: To protect the poultry from
sun, rain and predators it is necessary to provide
housing to poultry. Poultry house should be
moisture-proof, rat proof and it should be
easily cleanable and durable.
6. Poultry feeding: The diet of chicks should
contain adequate amount of water,
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and
minerals.
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36. bYPROdUCTs OF POULTRY
The feathers of poultry
birds are used for
making pillows and
quilts.
Droppings of poultry can
be used as manure in
fields. The droppings are
rich in nitrogen, potash
and phosphates.
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37. •A number of poultry by products
like blood-meal, feather meal,
poultry by product meal and
hatchery by-product mealare
used as good sources of nutrients
for meat producing animals and
poultry.
•These by-products supply
proteins, fats, vitamins and good
amount of minerals.
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38. dIseAses OF The POULTRY
FOWL POX
COCCIDIOSIS
RANIKETH/NEW CASTLE DISEASE
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39. CONCLUsION
•Poultry farming has so many benefits
along with businesses. Due to these
benefits, farmers prefer to do
poultry farming business. The main
purpose of poultry farming is the
production of eggs, meat, etc.
Numerous chickens were grown in
poultry farms for the production of
eggs and meat.
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40. REFERENCE
“SCIENCE READER”
Tamil Nadu text book
NCERT Books
Google images
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