Poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes in india

Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India and It's an employment generation programmes in India.

1. POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY-CHANDAN ROY
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11/8/2018Chhandan Roy, Geo&EM 1

2. What is poverty?
Povertyisaboutnothavingenoughmoneytomeetbasicneedsincludingfood,
clothingandshelter.However,povertyismore,muchmorethanjustnothaving
enoughmoney.
TheWorldBankOrganizationdescribespovertyinthisway:
“Povertyishunger.Povertyislackofshelter.Povertyisbeingsickandnotbeing
abletoseeadoctor.Povertyisnothavingaccesstoschoolandnotknowinghowto
read.Povertyisnothavingajob,isfearforthefuture,livingonedayatatime.
Povertyhasmanyfaces,changingfromplacetoplaceandacrosstime,andhas
beendescribedinmanyways.Mostoften,povertyisasituationpeoplewantto
escape.Sopovertyisacalltoaction--forthepoorandthewealthyalike--acall
tochangetheworldsothatmanymoremayhaveenoughtoeat,adequateshelter,
accesstoeducationandhealth,protectionfromviolence,andavoiceinwhat
happensintheircommunities.”
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3. What’s the Indian poverty line?
Earlier,Indiausedtodefinethepovertylinebasedonamethod
definedbyataskforcein1979.Itwasbasedonexpenditurefor
buyingfoodworth2,400caloriesinruralareas,and2,100calories
inurbanareas.In2011,theSureshTendulkarCommitteedefined
thepovertylineonthebasisofmonthlyspendingonfood,
education,health,electricityandtransport.Accordingtothis
estimate,apersonwhospendsRs.27.2inruralareasandRs.33.3
inurbanareasadayaredefinedaslivingbelowthepovertyline.
ForafamilyoffivethatspendslessthanRs.4,080andRs.5,000in
ruralandurbanareasrespectivelyisconsideredbelowthepoverty
line.Thishasbeencriticisedforfixingthepovertylinetoolow.
AccordingtoacommitteeheadedbyformerReserveBankgovernor
CRangarajan,therewere363millionpeople,or29.5%ofIndia’s
1.2billionpeople,wholivedinpovertyin2011-12.TheRangarajan
panelconsideredpeoplelivingonlessthanRs.32adayinrural
areasandRs.47adayinurbanareasaspoor.
What is a poverty line?
Thepovertylinedefinesathresholdincome.Householdsearningbelowthis
thresholdareconsideredpoor.Differentcountrieshavedifferentmethodsof
definingthethresholdincomedependingonlocalsocio-economicneeds.
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4. POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES
IN INDIA:-
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5. MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL
EMPLOYMEMNT GUARANTEE ACT(MGNREGA): -
Objective of the Act:-
TheobjectiveoftheActistoenhancelivelihoodsecurityin
ruralareasbyprovidingatleast100daysofguaranteedwage
employmentinafinancialyeartoeveryhouseholdwhose
adultmembersvolunteertodounskilledmanualwork.
MGNREGA Goals:-
Strongsocialsafetynetforthevulnerablegroupsbyprovidingafall-backemploymentsource,when
otheremploymentalternativesarescarceorinadequate
Growthengineforsustainabledevelopmentofanagriculturaleconomy.Throughtheprocessof
providingemploymentonworksthataddresscausesofchronicpovertysuchasdrought,deforestation
andsoilerosion,theActseekstostrengthenthenaturalresourcebaseofrurallivelihoodandcreate
durableassetsinruralareas.Effectivelyimplemented,MGNREGAhasthepotentialtotransformthe
geographyofpoverty
Empowermentofruralpoorthroughtheprocessesofarights-basedLaw
Newwaysofdoingbusiness,asamodelofgovernancereformanchoredontheprinciplesof
transparencyandgrassrootdemocracyThus,MGNREGA fostersconditionsforinclusivegrowth
rangingfrombasicwagesecurityandrechargingruraleconomytoatransformativeempowerment
processofdemocracy
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6. INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA:-
Objective:TheObjectiveoftheIndiraAwas
Yojanaisprimarilytohelpconstruction/Upgradation
ofdwellingunitsofmembersofScheduled
Castes/ScheduledTribes,freedbondedlabourersand
otherbelowthepovertylinenon-SC/STrural
householdsbyprovidingthemalumpsumfinancial
assistance.
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7. PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA(PMGSY): -
OBJECTIVES-TheprimaryobjectiveofthePMGSY
istoprovideConnectivity,bywayofanAll-weather
Road(withnecessaryculvertsandcross-drainage
structures,whichisoperablethroughouttheyear),tothe
eligibleunconnectedHabitationsintheruralareaswitha
populationof500personsandaboveinPlainareas.
‘PMGSY’ SUCCESS STORY -
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8. ANTYODAYA ANNA YOJANA(AAY): -
OBJECTIVES:-AntyodayaAnnaYojana(AAY)
isoneofthepublicdistributionsystem
schemesinIndiaimplementedfrom2000.The
mainobjectiveoftheschemeistoensurefood
securityandtocreatehunger-freeeeIndia.
FOCUSOF‘AAY’-Afteridentifyingthe"poorestofthepoor"(the10,000,000poorestfamilies
intheBelowPovertyLinecategory)throughextensivesurveying,thegovernmentbegan
providingthemanopportunitytopurchaseupto35kilogramsofriceandwheatatahighly
subsidisedcostofthreerupeesperkilogramofriceandtworupeesperkilogramofwheat.Poor
familieswereidentifiedbytheirrespectivestateruraldevelopmentfacilitiesthroughuseof
surveys.Theschemehasbeenexpandedtwice,onceinJune2003andtheninAugust2004,
addinganadditional5,000,000BPLfamilieseachtimeandbringingthetotalnumberoffamilies
coveredupto20,000,000
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9. INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
(ICDS) SCHEME:-
Objectives:-
Improvement in the health and nutritional status of children 0–6 years and pregnant
and lactating mothers.
Reduction in the incidence of their mortality and school drop out
Provision of a firm foundation for proper psychological, physical and social
development of the child.
Enhancement of the maternal education and capacity to look after her own health
and nutrition and that of her family
Effective co-ordination of the policy and implementation among various departments
and programmes aimed to promote child development.
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10. JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJNA(JAY): -
OBJECTIVES:-Themainobjectiveoftheyojanawasadditionalgainful
employmentfortheunemployedandunder-employedpersonsinruralareas.The
otherobjectivewasthecreationofsustainedemploymentbystrengtheningrural
economicinfrastructureandassetsinfavourofruralpoorfortheirdirectand
continuingbenefits.
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11. SAMPOORNA GRAMEEN ROZGARYOJANA
(SGRY):-
OBJECTIVES:-Theprimaryobjectiveoftheschemehasbeentogivesupplementarywage
employmenttorurallabour,therebyprovidingfoodsecurityandimprovingthenutritionallevels
inruralareas.Thesecondaryobjectiveoftheschemeisthecreationofdurablecommunityassets
anddevelopmentofruralinfrastructure.
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12. EMPLOYMENT ASSURANCE SCHEME: -
OBJECTIVES:-Asitsnamesuggests,theprimaryobjectiveoftheEASistoprovide
gainfulemploymentduringtheleanagriculturalseasoninmanualworktoallable
bodiedadultsinruralareaswhoareinneedanddesirousofwork,butcannotfind
it.Theworkmaybeeitheronfarmoronotheralliedoperationsoronthenormal
plan/non-planworksduringsuchaperiod.Thesecondaryobjectiveisthecreation
ofcommunity,socialandeconomicassetsforsustainedemploymentand
development.
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13. THANK YOU!!
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