Poverty alleviation programs

Programs and schemes are important for development of poor people

1. •SGSY
•SGRY
•PMGSY
•CAPART
•DPAP
• DDP
4/5/2022 1

2. Submitted by:
Shalini Agnihotri
Submitted to:
Dr. R. Kalra
4/5/2022 2

3. Evenaswecelebrateaboomingeconomy,withitssurplus
jobsandemploymentopportunities,asectionofour
populationisjustwaitingforachancetoearntheirfirstsalary
Ironically,wealsohavethehighestnumberofchildlaborers–
closeto17million.
Thepeoplelivingbelowthepovertylinecomprise25%ofthe
totalpopulationinourcountry,countedroughlyas300
millionpeople.
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4. Thelivingindexratingis128outof178intheworld.
PovertyinIndiaiswidespreadwiththenationestimatedto
haveathirdoftheworld'spoor.
Accordingtoa2005WorldBankestimate,42%ofIndiafalls
belowtheinternationalpovertylineof$1.25aday(PPP,in
nominaltermsRs.21.6adayinurbanareasandRs14.3in
ruralareas)
source:(http:www.indiastat.com)
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5. TheGovernmentofIndiaaimatbringingemployment
throughwageandselfemploymentintoalargerfocus
withthegoalofreducingunemploymentandunder-
employmenttoanegligiblelevelandofprovidingfood
securityagainsthunger.
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6. Suchanapproachisnecessary,becauseitisrealizedthat
largerandefficientuseofavailablehumanandother
resourcesisthemosteffectivewayofalleviatingpoverty,
reducinginequalities,improvingnutritionallevelsand
sustainingareasonablyhighpaceofeconomicgrowth.
SomeoftheprominentPovertyAlleviationProgrammes,
carriedoutinIndia,arediscussedinthispresentation.
source:(http://www.giveindia.org)
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7. SwarnjayantiGramSwarozgarYojana.
Witheffectfrom01.04.1999,afterreviewandrestructuringof
erstwhileIRDP(IntegratedRuralDevelopmentProgrammed)
andalliedprogrammesnamelyTRYSEM(TrainingofRural
YouthforSelf-Employment),DWCRA(DevelpomentofWomen
andChildreninRuralAreas),SITRA(SupplyofImprovedtool
kitforRuralArtisans),GKY(GangaKalyanYojana),besides
MWS(MillionWellsScheme).
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8. Tobringtheassistedpoorfamilies(Swarozgaris)above
thepovertylinebyprovidingthemincome-generating
assets,throughamixofbankcreditandgovernmental
subsidy.
Toestablishalargenumberofmicroenterprisesin
ruralareasbasedontheabilityofthepoorand
potentialofeacharea.
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9. Conceivedasaholisticprogrammeofself-employment.
Coversallaspectsofself-employmentoftheruralpoorviz:
OrganisationintoSelfHelpGroups(SHGs)andcapacity
building,training,selectionofkeyactivities,planningof
activityclusters,infrastructurebuildup,technologyand
marketingsupport.
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10. BPLfamilies.
Specialsafeguardsprovidedtovulnerablesections,by
wayofreserving50%benefitsforSCs/STs,40%for
womenand3%fordisabledpersons.
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11. Financialassistanceintheformofsubsidybythe
governmentandcreditbythebanks.
TrainingofSwarozgaris.
InfrastructureDevelopment.
MarketingandTechnologySupport.
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12. Financedon75:25costsharingbasisbetweenthe
CentreandtheStaterespectively.
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13. ImplementedthroughDRDAs,withtheactive
involvementofPanchayatiRajInstitutions(PRIs),the
Banks,theLineDepartmentsandtheNGOs.
Source:SelvarajanandElango(2004)
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14. SampoornaGrameenRozgarYojana.
Launchedon25.09.2001bymergingEASandJGSY.
Effectivefrom01.04.2002.
GovernmentofIndia.
MinistryofRuralDevelopment.
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15. (a)PrimaryObjective
Toprovideadditionalwageemploymentinallruralareasand
therebyprovidefoodsecurityandimprovenutritionallevels.
(b)SecondaryObjective
Tocreatedurablecommunity,socialandeconomicassetsand
infrastructuraldevelopmentinruralareas.
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16. Opentoallruralpoorwhoareinneedofwage
employmentanddesiretodomanualandunskilled
workinandaroundhisvillage/habitat.
Whileprovidingwageemployment,preferencegiven
toagriculturalwageearners,non-agriculturalunskilled
wageearners,marginalfarmers,women,membersof
ScheduleCastes/ScheduleTribes.
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17. Wagespaidpartlyinfoodgrainsandpartlyincash.
MinimumWagesfixedforboth,skilledandunskilled
labour.
Equalwagespaidtoboth,menandwomenworkers.
SpecialSafeguardsfortheWeakerSectionsand
Women.
Foodgrainsgivenaspartofwages.
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18. Banoncontractors.
MusterRolls.
Auditofworks.
RecordsoftheAssetscreated.
SocialAudit.
Ruralstandardscheduleofrates.
Redressalofgrievances.
ProvisionoffacilitiesattheWork-Sites.
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19. SharingbasisbetweentheCentreandtheStatesinthe
ratioof75:25ofthecashcomponentofthe
programme.
InthecaseofUTstheCentrewouldprovideentire
(100%)fundsundertheScheme.
FoodgrainswillbeprovidedtotheStates/UTsfreeof
cost.
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20. ImplementedthroughthePanchayatiRajInstitutions
(PRIs).
Source:(http://www.planningcommission.nic.in)
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21. PMGSY
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
Aiming for Rural Transformation
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22. •Launched on 25th Dec. 2000 as 100% Centrally
Sponsored Scheme.
•Total Investment : Rs 1,32,000 crore*
•Eligible Habitations : 1,73,000*
*ASperCoreNetworkestimates(revisedfromtheoriginalRs.60,000crore
and1,40,000habitations)
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23. Rs. In Crore
Note: Allocation & release includes administrative expenditure
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24. Only48%ofvillagesareconnectedbyall-weatherroads.
Nearly50%ofvillageslackproperconnectivity.
Properruralroadconnectivityisamustfordevelopment.
Benefits–economic,social,politicaletc.
Ruralpeoplecanhaveeasyaccessto
Trade
Education
Health
Employment.
CurrentScenario&needforprovidingroadconnectivity:
thePMGSYApproach
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25. (a)PrimaryObjective:
•ToprovideConnectivity,bywayofanAll-weather
RoadtotheeligibleunconnectedHabitationsinthe
ruralareas,
(b)SecondaryObjective:
•Toupgradeexistingroadstoensureallweatherfarm-
to-marketconnectivity.
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26. Completely, sponsored by the Central government.
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27. ThesecouldbethePublicWorksDepartment/Rural
EngineeringService/Organisation/RuralWorks
Department/ZillaParishad/PanchayatiRaj
EngineeringDepartmentetc.
source:(http://www.planningcommission.nic.in)
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28. CouncilforAdvancementofPeople'sActionandRural
Technology.
Formedin1986.
Nodalagencyforcatalysingandcoordinatingtheemerging
partnershipbetweenvoluntaryorganisationsandthe
Governmentforsustainabledevelopmentofruralareas.
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29. Formedbyamalgamatingtwoagenciesthe'Councilfor
AdvancementofRuralTechnology'(CART)andPeople's
ActionforDevelopmentIndia(PADI).
AnautonomousbodyregisteredundertheSocieties
RegistrationAct1860.
FunctioningundertheaegisoftheMinistryofRural
Development,GovernmentofIndia.
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30. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
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31. Toimprovethequalityoflifeintheruralareas,
particularlythepoorandsociallydisadvantaged
sectionsofsociety.
Tosupportvoluntaryorganisationsinimplementing
projectsforsustainabledevelopmentinruralareas.
Toactasanationalnodalpointfordevelopmentand
promotionofappropriateruraltechnologies.
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32. Topromoteandsupportvoluntaryactionandpeople's
participationforruraldevelopment,throughcapacity-
buildingforvoluntaryorganisationsandruralcommunities.
Toactasadatabankandclearinghouseforinformationon
thevoluntarysector,ruraltechnologiesandrural
development.
Facilitatingcommunityactionfordevelopment.
Buildingawarenessoncriticaldevelopmentissues.
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33. Providesfinancialandresourcesupporttovoluntary
organisationsinconceptualising,developingand
implementingawiderangeofprojectsanddevelopment
interventions.
CampusrecruitmenteachyearfromreputedInstitutions
likeIRMA(InstituteofRuralManagementAnand),TISS(Tata
InstituteofSocialSciences)etc.anddeputestherecruitsto
workwithVoluntaryOrganisation(s)(VO)andCAPART's
ownoffices.EachYoungProfessionalreceivesamonthly
stipendofRs9000/-.
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34. •CAPARTreceivesthebulkofitsfundsfromthe
GovernmentofIndia.
•Partnershipswithinternationaldonorstofacilitate
routingoffundstovoluntaryorganisationsworkingfor
ruraldevelopment.
source:(http://www.planningcommission.nic.in)
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35. DroughtProneAreasProgramme.
Earliestareadevelopmentprogramme.
LaunchedbytheCentralGovernmentin1973-74to
tacklethespecialproblemsfacedbythosefragileareas
whichareconstantlyaffectedbyseveredrought
conditions.
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36. Tominimizetheadverseeffectsofdroughtonthe
productionofcropsandlivestockandproductivityof
land,waterandhumanresources,therebyultimately
leadingtothedroughtproofingoftheaffectedareas.
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37. Aimsoveralleconomicdevelopmentandimprovement
inthesocio-economicconditionoftheresourcepoor
anddisadvantagedsectionsinhabitingtheprogramme
areasthroughcreation,wideningandequitable
distributionofresourcebase.
Increasedemploymentopportunities.
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38. •961blocksof180districtsin16States.
• The States are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar , Gujarat,
Chattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa,
Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttaranchal,
Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
and West Bengal.
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39. Sharedon75:25basisbetweentheCentreandState
Government.
AnamountofRs.127.26croreshasalreadybeen
releasedundertheprogrammeupto31.01.2001.
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40. ImplementedthroughtheDRDAs/ZPsatdistrictlevel.
source: (http://www.planningcommission.nic.in)
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41. Startedin1977-78,bothinthehot-desertareasof
Rajasthan,Gujarat,andHaryana,andthecold-desert
areasofJammu&KashmirandHimachalPradesh.
From1995-96,coversfewdistrictsofAndhraPradesh
andKarnataka.
Covered235blocksof40districtsintheabove7
states.
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42. To mitigate the adverse effects of climatic conditions
and combat desertification.
To restore ecological balance by harnessing, conserving
and developing natural resources.
To implement developmental work through the
watershed approach, for land, water and pasture
development.
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43. TheCentreandStategovernmentssharein75:25ratio.
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44. ImplementedthroughtheDRDAs/ZPsatdistrictlevel.
source:(http://www.planningcommission.nic.in)
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45. SWOT Analysis of the programmes-
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
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46. Theprogrammesareconceptualised,keepinginviewtheneeds
ofthepeopleandovercometheproblemsassociatedwiththe
multiplicityofprogrammes.
Thearea-basedneedsandabilitiesarefocussed.
Strengtheningofinfrastructureisprimeobjective.
Grass-rootlevelparticipationisemphasized.
People’sparticipationingroupsisanimportantconsideration.
Employmentgenerationistheselectedmeansofalleviating
poverty.
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47. Poorimplementationanddivertedaction.
Poorsystemofaudit.
Top-bottomapproachintheconcept.
Lesscollaborationwithnon-governmentalbodies.
Poorinfrastructureandbuild-up.
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48. Theprogrammesprovidesunlimitedscopefordevelopment
ofthepoor.
Thehugeshareoffundscangenerateloadsofindustrial
infrastructure.
Thereareampleopportunitiesinthesectorofemployment
andjobcreation.
Theprogrammesdonotonlyaimtoalleviatepoverty,but
havemany-foldsecondarybenefits–nutritionalsecurity,
literacy,developmentofbasicinfrastructureandoverall
improvement.
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49. Thebiggestthreattotheprogrammesisthecorruption,
prevailingateverystepofimplementation.
Biasnessandfavourismalsoputforthproblems.
Scatteredpoorpopulationsalsohinderthesuccessofthe
programmes.
Irregularandpoorefficiencyofofficialsaddtothethreats
further.
Uncollaboratedeffortsatnationallevelalsoreducetheir
effectiveness.
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50. Prevailing systems of caste and other social taboos.
Political interference is another important threats.
Source:(http://www.giveindia.org)
& Selvarajan and Elango(2004).
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51. Theseprogrammeshavebeenevaluatedbyvarious
Governmentorganisationsviz.ProgrammeEvaluation
OrganisationofthePlanningCommission.
ConcurrentevaluationsarecarriedoutbytheMinistry
ofRuralDevelopmentwiththehelpofRBI,NABARD,
andotherorganisationslikeUniversities,Research
Institutes,NGOs,andIndividuals.
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52. Hanumantha Rao (1994) interrelated
the five themes viz., agricultural growth, rural
poverty, environmental degradation, participatory
rural development, and economic reforms in
relation to agriculture.
InTamilNadu(1997),asimilarstudywascarriedout
byManikkumaran.
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53. Good governance and povertyalleviation
programmes:a criticalanalysisofSGSY
(publishedinInternationalJournalofRural
Management 2005Pp 203-21)
H.S.ShylendraandKishoreBhirdikar(IRMA).
BinaAggarwal(1997)analysedinterrelationshipsbetween
gender,povertyandenvironmentinruralIndia,focusing
especiallyonregionalvariationsandtemporalshiftsover
1971-91.
Source:SelvarajanandElango(2004).
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54. ImpactstoryofSGSYcannotbefardifferentfromthatofIRDP.
SGSYinitsdesignhasmadeanattemptintegratethe
differentelementsundera‘goodgovernance’framework
requiredforeffectivelyimplementingruraldevelopment
project.
SGSYhasmovedbeyondthedeterministicapproachto
povertyalleviationonlyonpaperandnotinpractice.
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55. Similarly,alltheseprogrammeshaveleftalotofstones
unturned.However,theintentionsinallofthemwerethe
best.
Unfortunately,mostofthesegoodintentionsseemtohave
remainedonlyonpaperastheemergingevidencefromthe
practicepointstoalargelycontraryscenariothatwhatwas
envisaged.
Source:SelvarajanandElango(2004)
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56. Despiteofsomanyeffortsandgovernmentschemes,the
statisticaldatashowsthatinabsolutetermsthereisminute
decreaseinthenumberofpeoplelivingbelowthepoverty
lineinourcountry.
Theratingofourcountryinthegloballivingindiceshas
shownadeclininggraph.
Peopleinthecountryarestillunabletomeetthedailyfood
requirements.
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57. However,thisshouldnotbeconcludedthatworkhas
notbeendonetocombatthesituation.
Alion’sshareinourannualbudgetgoestothese
projects.
Somehow,theresultsarenotencouragingexceptina
fewcases.Themassesarestillunabletoreapthe
benefits.
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58. Thus,maybeweneedtoshiftourviewandfocuson
theothersideofthecoin.
Letouraimbetocreatewealththantoalleviate
poverty.
Wemustkeepmovingtowardstheend,asthisisthe
biggestchallenge,thecountryisfacing.
Itneedspersistenteffortsandlonggestationperiods,
beforewevisualise,hungerfreeIndia.
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59. 4/5/2022 59

60. Ray G.L. (2006) Extension Communication and
Management
KalyaniPulishers, New Delhi.
SelvarajanE. and ElangoR. (2004) Rural
Development Programmers and Externalities The
Report of the Project funded by Planning Commission
GOI, New Delhi Pp66-78, 300-304
Serials Publication New Delhi.
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61. Poverty Alleviation in rural India-strategies and
programmes and guidelines. (http://www.planning
commission.nic.in/plans) retrieved on 23.08.2010.
Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India.
(http://www.giveindia.org/60-employment)
retrieved on 23.08.2010.
poverty line definition.
(http://www.enwikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty-in-
India)retrieved on26.08.2010.
Economic Statistics (http://www.India-stat.com)
retrieved on26.08.2010.
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62. Thank you all!
Have a great week ahead!
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