poverty alleviation schemes in India

This slide contains facts about poverty and steps taken by Indian governments to tackle poverty issue.

1. Poverty alleviation programmes in india

2. poverty According to the World Bank,  Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life.

3. Poverty alleviation Poverty Alleviation is the set of steps taken in an economic and humanitarian way for eradicating poverty from a country. According to the World Bank, if a person is living on $1.90 a day or less, then he/she is living in extreme poverty, and currently, 767 million people of the world fall under that category. According to the last released official data, in 2011, 268 million people in India were surviving on less than $1.90 a day.

4. Poverty line Below Poverty Line (BPL) can be defined as an economic benchmark used in the identification of economically weaker people and households. BPL is set by the Government of India based on a threshold income. The households or individuals having an income below this threshold value are considered to be under the below poverty line. Measuring BPL in India  The poverty line solely depends on the per capita income in India rather than the level of prices. The poverty line is the minimum income required to purchase the basic goods and services that are essential to satisfy the basic human needs. The proportion of the population that is below this poverty line is called the poverty ratio or headcount ratio. Similar approaches are followed by most countries and international institutions for determining BPL. 

5. Poverty line In India, the first official rural and urban poverty lines at the national level were introduced in 1979 by Y. K. Alagh Committee. Criteria for the measurement of BPL are different for the rural and urban areas.  Currently, according to the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the degree of deprivation is measured with the help of parameters with scores given from 0–4, with 13 parameters.  Families with 17 marks or less (formerly 15 marks or less) out of a maximum of 52 marks have been classified as BPL.  The poverty line is calculated every 5 years. According to the recent estimation based on inflation,  the threshold income should be more than Rs. 962 a month for urban areas and Rs 768 a month in rural areas i.e., above Rs. 32 a day in an urban area and above Rs. 26 a day in a rural area. 

6. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) 1978 Ministry of Rural Development To raise the families of identified target groups living below the poverty line through the development of sustainable opportunities for self-employment in the rural sector.

7. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana 1985 Ministry of Rural Development To create housing units for everyone along with providing 13 lakhs housing units to the rural areas. To provide loans at subsidized rates to the people. To augment wage employment opportunities to the households by providing employment on-demand and through specific guaranteed wage employment every year. 

8. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS) 15th August 1995 Ministry of Rural Development To provide pension to the senior citizens of India of 65 years or higher and living below the poverty line.  It provides a monthly pension of Rs.200 for those aged between 60-79 years and Rs.500 for the people aged above 80 years. 

9. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) August 1995 Ministry of Rural Development To provide a sum of Rs.20,000 to the beneficiary who will be the next head of the family after the death of its primary breadwinner. 

10. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) 1st April 1999 Implemented by the Village Panchayats . Developing the infrastructure of the rural areas which included connecting roads, schools, and hospitals.  To provide sustained wage employment to the families belonging to the below poverty line.  

11. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Annapurna 1999-2000 Ministry of Rural Development To provide 10 kg of free food grains to the eligible senior citizens who are not registered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme. 

12. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Food for Work Programme 2000s Ministry of Rural Development It aims at enhancing food security through wage employment. Food grains are supplied to states free of cost, however, the supply of food grains from the Food Corporation of India (FCI) godowns has been slow

13. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) Febrauary 2001 Rural self employment scheme The main objective of the scheme continues to be the generation of wage employment, creation of durable economic infrastructure in rural areas and provision of food and nutrition security for the poor.

14. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of F ormation   Government Ministry Objectives Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)  2005 Ministry of Rural Development The Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household. One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds.  Similarly, state governments will establish State Employment Guarantee Funds for implementation of the scheme. Under the programme , if an applicant is not provided employment within 15 days s/he will be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.

15. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives National Food Security Mission 2007 Ministry of Agriculture To increase production of rice, wheat, pulses and coarse cereals through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in the identified districts of the country

16. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives National Rural Livelihood Mission 2011 Ministry of Rural Development It evolves out the need to diversify the needs of the rural poor and provide them jobs with regular income on a monthly basis. Self Help groups are formed at the village level to help the needy

17. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana 2014 Ministry of Finance It aimed at direct benefit transfer of subsidy, pension, insurance etc. and attained the target of opening 1.5 crore bank accounts. The scheme particularly targets the unbanked poor

18. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 2015 Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship It will focus on fresh entrant to the labour market, especially labour market and class X and XII dropouts

19. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Saansad Aadarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) 2014 Ministry of Rural development To develop the institutional and physical infrastructure in three villages by 2019. The scheme aims to develop five ‘ Adarsh Villages’ or ‘Model Villages’ by 2024.

20. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana 2015 Ministry of Finance The scheme provides life coverage to the poor and low-income section of the society. The scheme offers a maximum assured amount of Rs.2 lakhs

21. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana 2015 Ministry of Finance The scheme is an insurance policy to the people belonging to the underprivileged sections of the society

22. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives National Maternity Benefit Scheme 2016 Ministry of Health & Family Welfare ( MoHFW ) To provide a sum of Rs.6000 to a pregnant mother who is aged above 19 years.  The sum is provided normally 12–8 weeks before the birth in three instalments and can also be availed even after the death of the child.

23. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) 2016 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas It envisages the distribution of 50 million LPG connections to women below the poverty line

24. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) 2016 Ministry of Finance the scheme provides an opportunity to declare unaccounted wealth and black money in a confidential manner and avoid prosecution after paying a fine of 50% on the undisclosed income. An additional 25% of the undisclosed income is invested in the scheme which can be refunded after four years, without any interest.

25. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Solar Charkha Mission 2018 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) It aims at Employment generation for nearly one lakh people through solar charkha clusters in rural areas

26. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives National Nutrition Mission (NNM), Poshan Abhiyan 2018 Ministry of Women and Child Development to reduce the level of under-nutrition and also enhance the nutritional status of children in the country. Also, to improve the nutritional outcomes of adolescents, children, pregnant women and lactating mothers

27. Poverty alleviation programmes Name of the Scheme/ Programme Year of Formation  Government Ministry Objectives Prime Minister Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi – PM SVanidhi 2020 Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) It aims to provide micro-credit facilities to street vendors affected due to COVID-19 pandemic