poverty in India pptx presentation .pptx

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1. Name : Krishna Kumar Mahato CLASS : 9 Commerce ROLL NO. : 10 Subject : Economics

2. INDEX INTRODUCTION POVERTY IN INDIA CAUSES OF POVERTY LACK OF LITERCY GOVERNMENT INITATIVE SOCIAL MARKET OF POVERTY RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION Share of population in extreme poverty, 1981 to 2017 Poverty rate map of India by prevalence in 2012, among its states and union territories Slums near the international airport in Mumbai/Bombay India Poverty rate since 1993 based on World Bank $2.00 ppp value India  is a  developing nation . Although its economy is growing,  poverty  is still a major challenge. However, poverty is on the decline in India. According to an  International Monetary Fund  paper, extreme poverty, defined by the World Bank as living on US$1.9 or less in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, in India was as low as 0.8% in 2019 and the country managed to keep it at that level in 2020 despite the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak. [1][2]  According to World Bank, extreme poverty has reduced by 12.3% between 2011 and 2019 from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in 2019. A working paper of the bank said rural poverty declined from 26.3% in 2011 to 11.6% in 2019. The decline in urban areas was from 14.2% to 6.3% in the same period.The poverty level in rural and urban areas went down by 14.7 and 7.9 percentage points, respectively. [3]  According to United Nations Development Programme administrator Achim Steiner, India lifted 271 million people out of extreme poverty in a 10-year time period from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016. A 2020 study from the  World Economic Forum  found "Some 220 million Indians sustained on an expenditure level of less than Rs 32 / day—the poverty line for rural India—by the last headcount of the poor in India in

4. What is Poverty? Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is hunger. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.

5. Poverty in India Despite the growth and development of the Indian economy during the last couple of decades, poverty is, parallel, increasing in absolute terms. The bare fact is that nearly 27.5 % of India’s population still lives below the poverty line, and 75 % of this, lives in rural areas. A recent report laments that 77 % of Indians live on a daily income of Rs.20 only.

6. ( Rural ) About two thirds of India’s more than 1 billion people live in rural areas, and almost 170 million of them are poor. Although many rural people are migrating to cities, 3 out of 4 of India’s poor people live in the vast rural parts of the country. Poverty is deepest among scheduled castes and tribes in the country’s rural areas. India’s poorest people include 50 % of members of scheduled tribes and 40 % of people in scheduled castes.  On the map of poverty in rural India, the poorest areas lie in parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and West Bengal. 

7. Causes of Rural Poverty Rapid Population Growth With 1,210,000,000 (1.21 billion) people, India is currently the world's second largest country. From the total population of India 68.84% people live in rural area of India and are growing very fast if we see the statistics of past few decades. Lack of Capital People basically depend on farming and agriculture in the rural areas but due to lack of sufficient capital they are not able to do their farming activities and earn, so they become poor and go below poverty line.

8. Lack of literacy Many children living in rural areas receive a level of education which is very poor. Overall enrollment in primary and middle schools are very low. 50 % of children living in these areas leave school before the fifth grade . These children leave school for variety of reasons: some leave because of lack of interest; most leave so that they can work in the fields, where the hours are long and the pay is low. A large percent of the dropouts are females. Forced by their parents, most girls perform chores and tend the family at home. These are some of the reasons why 60% of all females in India are illiterate, a figure much higher than those of males. As these children grow into adults, many are still illiterate by the age of forty

9. Large Families Generally in rural areas there is large number of people living in one family. This happens because of two reasons. First there is a lack of proper family planning in the rural areas among the villagers, which increases the population. Secondly the people in the rural areas believe in living in one single families rather than living in nuclear families. This increases the burden of number of people to be fed in the house and also increases the expenses. Lack of Alternate Employment Opportunities Other than Agriculture The villagers in the rural areas have no alternative solutions to earn their livelihood accept farming as very few job opportunities are their in the villages and even if there are any job opportunities except farming the money available is not good.

10. Government’s Initiatives For Employment Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY) (Formerly known as Jawahar Rozgar Yojana) Training rural youth for self employment TRYSEM Scheme Sampurna Gramin Rozgar Yojana National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme For Family Planning Family Planning / Welfare Program for Population Control For Farmers Insurance Group Life Insurance Scheme for Rural Areas Agriculture Income Insurance Scheme

11. For Housing Rural Housing Program For Development Small Farmer Development Program (SFDP) Drought Area Development Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Integrated Rural Development Program

12. Causes of poverty 1. Increase rate of rising population: In the last 45 years, the population has increased at the whopping rate of 2.2% per annum. An average of approx. 17 million people are added every year to the population which raises the demand for consumption goods considerably. 2. Less productivity in agriculture: In agriculture, the productivity level is very low due to subdivided and fragmented holdings, lack of capital, use of traditional methods of cultivation, illiteracy etc. The very reason for poverty in the country is this factor only.

13. 3. Less utilization of resources: Underemployment and veiled unemployment of human resources and less utilization of resources have resulted in low production in the agricultural sector. This brought a downfall in their standard of living. 4. A short rate of economic development: In India, the rate of economic development is very low what is required for a good level. Therefore, there persists a gap between the level of availability and requirements of goods and services. The net result is poverty. 5. Increasing price rise: Poor is becoming poorer because of continuous and steep price rise. It has benefited a few people in the society and the persons in lower income group find it difficult to get their minimum needs.

14. history The pandemic struck India when it recorded its lowest economic growth in over a decade. The slowing economy had disproportionately impacted the rural areas, where the country’s majority of consumers and poor reside. Even in absence of any official data, one could perceive a rise in rural poverty. Unemployment was high; consumption expenditure was constantly coming down; and public spending on development was stagnant. These three factors together dictate the wellbeing of an economy. Cut to 2021. Rural Indians — mostly an informal workforce and poor by any accepted definition — have lived with irregular jobs for over a year. Anecdotal stories of precarious survival are pouring out. People are cutting back on food items; many have stopped having the basics like lentil as food inflation has spiked. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is no more able to absorb demands for employment. Many are digging into their meagre savings. With the second wave of the pandemic hitting hard, it is a situation of extreme desperation. One can argue the economy for the poor and the marginally well-off have ceased. What does this result in?

15. ( Urban ) As per the latest NSSO survey reports there are over 80 million poor people living in the cities and towns of India. The Slum population is also increasing and as per TCPO estimates 2001; over 61.80 million people were living in slums. The bulk of the urban poor are living in extremely deprived conditions with insufficient physical amenities like : Low-cost water supply, Improper sanitation, Bad Sewerage and drainage system, Very less social services relating to health care, nutrition, pre-school and non-formal education.

16. With over 575 million people, India will have 41% of its population living in cities and towns by 2030 of its nearly 1 billion inhabitants, an estimated 260.3 million are below the poverty line, of which 193.2 million are in the rural areas and 67.1 million are in urban areas. The poverty level is below 10% in states like Delhi, Goa, and Punjab etc whereas it is below 50% in Bihar ( 43 ) and Orissa ( 47 ). It is between 30-40% in Northeastern states of Assam, Tripura, and Mehgalaya and in Southern states of TamilNadu and Uttar Pradesh.

17. Causes of Urban Poverty Slow job growth Increasing Urban population (currently around 38 crore ) Severe competition. Those who use to get jobs or promotions easily now have to struggle more due to the population hike in the cities. Migration of Rural Youth towards Cities Majority of rural area depends on agriculture (which is highly dependant on rain patterns) Inadequate rain fall and improper irrigation facilities these days. Low or no production of crops which leads to severe poverty among rural population. Urban poverty also increases due to migration of people from rural areas to cities

18. Government’s Initiative For Employment Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY) Self – Employment Program for the Urban Poor (SEPUP) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (Also implemented in rural areas) Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana Self – Employment to the Educated Urban Youth (SEEUY) Program For Housing Financial assistance for Constructing Houses Other Programmes Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) Program

19. In line of these approach, NGOs have developed various strategies to influence the process of public policy making and to control the implementation of development programs or projects. Few NGOs in Ahmedabad Jyoti Sangh Apang Manav Mandal VidhyaNagar Sewa Sameeti Shivbaba Shraddha Kalyan Association Shree Manglay Seva Kelavani Mandal

20. Social Marketing for Poverty Developing a Social Marketing Plan Step 1: Background, Purpose, and Focus Step 2: Situation Analysis Step 3: Target Audience Profile Step 4: Marketing Objectives and Goals Step 5: Factors Influencing Adoption of the Behavior Step 6: Positioning Statement Step 7: Marketing Mix Strategies Step 8: Plan for Monitoring and Evaluation Step 9: Budget Step 10: Plan for Implementation and Campaign Management

21. What can we do? In our own small way, let us not waste resources, the fruit of hard earned tax payer’s money, which might better be used to eradicate the misery of others. Let us show that we do care and realize the dream of seeing a poverty free India.

22. How To Eliminate Poverty? Widening the concept of employment Ensuring financial services even to the poorest person Recognizing every single human being as a potential entrepreneur Recognizing social entrepreneurs as potential agents for creating a world of peace, harmony, and progress Recognizing the role of globalization and information technology in reducing poverty.

23. Recommendations Launch large-scale infrastructure construction. Establishing agric-technology extension service network basically covering the whole country. Setting up national rural cooperative credit system and their efficient functioning. Pushing forward rapid development of rural as well as urban fundamental education and basic medical care. Preliminarily setting up rural as well as urban social security system with focus on community’s developmental system and assistance to extremely poor people.

24. Conclusion Though India shows a high economic growth, it is shameful that there is still large scale poverty in India. India has the world's largest number of poor people living in a single country. Poverty in India can be defined as a situation when a certain section of people are unable to fulfill their basic needs. Hunger, malnutrition and susceptibility of poor to natural disasters make them take up anti national and anti social activities It is the duty of the governments in particular and all citizens in general to try their best to alleviate poverty to establish harmony and peace in the societies and in the world.

25. Acknowledgement First and Foremost, I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my Civics teacher and our Principal for providing me with the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic - “Rural Local Self Government”, and also for their support, encouragement, enthusiasm, and guidance throughout the project. Secondly, I would like to thank my parents and my friends for their continuous support, help, and encouragement, and also for providing me with enough content and material for the project. At last, I would like to thank my Fellow Classmates for numerous helpful discussions along the way .

26. Bibliography Websites Google Wikipedia