Power alcohol from agricultural waste

Power Alcohol from
Corn
Sugarcane
Molasses
Potato peels
Sulphite liquor
Advantages
Disadvantages

1. Power Alcohol from Agricultural Waste - Abhijit Jadhav (Roll no 02 )

2. Overview Introduction Waste Materials used for manufacturing. Power alcohol from Sugarcane Ethyl Alcohol from Corn Ethyl Alcohol from Potato peels Ethyl Alcohol from Sulphite liquor Advantages Disadvantages Bibliography

3. Introduction Power alcohol is the mixture of ethyl alcohol and petrol in the ratio of 20:80 + Small quantity of Benzene. Raw material used for the manufacture of the Power alcohol or the ethyl alcohol are saccharine materials (such as Sugarcane, molasses), starchy materials (potatoes, cereal grain etc), cellulose materials, and hydrocarbons. Ethyl alcohol is the main component of the Power Alcohol and its main advantage is that it can also be prepared from the agricultural waste.

4. Waste Materials used for manufacturing The waste material used for manufacturing ethyl alcohol are: Wastes of Sugarcane(Molasses, Mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose) Wastes of Corn Wastes of Potato peels Wastes of Cereals and grains Wastes of Cellulose (Sulphite liquor)

5. Power Alcohol from Sugarcane (Molasses) Molasses is a dark colored viscous liquid left after the crystallization of cane sugar from sugar cane. It contains 50-55% total sugar, of which 35-40% is the Sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ). Process Molasses is first diluted with water in 1:5(molasses: water ) ratio by volume. If the nitrogen content of molasses is small, it is now fortified with ammonium sulphate to provide adequate supply of nitrogen to yeast.

6. Fortified solution is then acidifies with small quantity of sulphuric acid. Addition of acid favours the growth of yeast but unfavours the growth of useless bacteria. FERMENTATION : The resulting solution is received in a large tank and yeast is added to it at 30 O  C and kept for 2 to 3 days. During this period, enzymes sucrose and zymase which are present in yeast, convert sugar into ethyl alcohol.  C 12 H 22 O 11  + H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6  + C 6 H 12 O 6 (Sucrose) (Glucose) (Fructose) C 6 H 12 O 6   2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2 (Glucose, Fructose) (Ethyl Alcohol) FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION: Alcohol obtained by the fermentation is called WASH, which is about 15% to 18% pure. By using fractional distillation technique, it is converted into 92% pure alcohol which is known as rectified spirit or commercial alcohol.   Invertase Zymase

7. Ethyl Alcohol form Corn Ethyl Alcohol is produced from corn by fermentation, chemical processing and distillation. The processes are of two types: Dry Milling process (82%) : In this the entire corn kernel is ground into flour mill. Wet Milling process (18%) : In this the corn grain is steeped into the dilute combustion of sulphuric acid and water in order to separate the grain. Fermentation Condition = ph 5-7 , temperature 30-37 C. Rest of the fermentation and distillation process is same as that of Molasses.

8. Ethyl Alcohol from Potato peels

9. Ethyl Alcohol from Sulphite liquor Waste sulphite liquor is a by-product of the wood pulp industry For every ton of cellulose about 10 tons of the liquor are produced. The free  sulphurous acid , which is strongly toxic to  yeast , is partly removed by evaporation and partly by neutralization to a point of acidity favorable for  fermentation . After the fermentation is finished, which takes three days or more, the yeast is separated and the liquid distilled in a continuous-action still. After distillation alcohol is obtained.

10. Advantages Power Alcohol has high octane number which possess better anti- knock properties There is no starting difficulties with Power Alcohol. Air required for complete combustion is less. It has the ability to absorb trace of moisture Ability to burn completely.

11. Disadvantages Power Alcohol may cause corrosion. It lowers the calorific value of petrol. It has the ability to easily get oxidized to acid. Air entering the cylinder need to be regulated by modifying air inlet as less air is required for combustion.

12. Bibliography http://chemistry.about.com/ http://www.inclusive-science-engineering.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/ https://www.googlebooks.com/ http://www.chemguide.co.uk/