Power & Politics

1. POWER AND POLITICS Human Behavior in Organization

2. “You can get much farther with a kind word and a gun than you can with a kind word alone.” - A. Capone

3. The Meaning of Power The ability to get someone to do something you want done The ability to make things the way you want them to be The capacity of team, person or an organization to influence others. The potential to influence others. It requires one person’s perception of dependence on other. 1

4. Power and Dependence Resource desired by person B Person B’s countervailing power over Person A Person A Person A’s control of resource valued by Person B Person B Person A’s power over Person B 2

5. Power vs. Authority and Influence 5 AUTHORITY Authority has been defined as ‘Legitimate Power’ It is a source of power. Power need not to be legitimate. INFLUENCE It is used in describing power. It implies persuasion. It is the exercise of power Influence is more closely associated with leadership than power is but both are involved in leadership process.

6. Sources of Power Refers to the ability to influence others because of the position one holds in the organization. It is also called authority, or the right to command.

7. Sources of Power based on a person's ability to reward a follower for compliance.

8. Sources of Power the power to punish

9. Sources of Power based on an individual's special and valued expertise. The lower the substitutability of the expertise, the greater the expert's power.

10. Sources of Power based on an individual's charisma (behavioral style).

11. Power in groups Coalition - clusters of individuals who temporarily come together to achieve a specific purpose. It seeks to maximize their size to attain influence . 2. Sexual Harassment - Unequal Power in the Workplace. Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors , and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in a work environment reasonably perceived as hostile or abusive.

12. Other forms of power Resource Power – the ability to control resources to get compliance from others Decision making power – the control over situations requiring decision making skills Information power — power accrues to those with access to important information (the basis for decisions). Social Networking as Power – Cultivating social relationships with others to accomplish one’s goals Increases power through: social capital referent power visibility and centrality contingencies

13. CONSEQUENCES OF POWER Commitment Reward Power Legitimate Power Coercive Power Expert Power Referent Power Resistance Compliance Sources of Power Consequences of Power

14. people oppose the behavior desired by the influencer motivated by external sources (rewards) to implement request identify with and highly motivated to implement request Resistance Compliance Commitment

15. POWER TACTICS Legitimacy Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Exchange Personal appeals Ingratiation Pressure Coalitions

16. politics

17. “Organizational politics is the process whereby individuals or groups use whatever power they can amass to influence organizational decision in the direction of their own interests.” R. Miles “Organizational politics refer to intentional behaviors that are designed to enhance or protect a person's influence and self-interest.” - Amos Drory and Tsilia Romm

18. FACTORS INFLUENCING POLITICAL BEHOLDER Individual factors Organizational factors Political Behavior Low High Favorable outcomes Rewards Averted punishments

19. Attacking / blaming others Selectively distribution information Managing impressions Types of organizational Politics Association with line executives Controlling information channels Forming Coalitions Increasing Indispensability

20. POLITICAL TACTICS Social Exchange Alliances Identification with Higher Authority Selective Service Power and Status symbols Power plays Networks

21. Defensive behavior. Avoiding action . overconforming , Buck passing, playing dumb, stretching, stalling. Avoiding blame . Buffing, Playing safe, Justifying, Scapegoating , Misrepresenting. Avoiding Change . prevention, self protection.

22. Ethical Guidelines for Political Behavior Question 1 Is the action motivated by self-serving interests which exclude the goals of the organization? Question 2 Does the political action respect individual rights? Question 3 Is the political activity fair and equitable? Yes No Yes No Yes No Unethical Unethical Unethical Ethical

23. Questions????