Power and Force Definition and Their Relationship in National Security

It explains the difference between power and force in terms of national security.

1. Power and Force in National Security Fundamental concept in national security Both are interrelated but not synonymous Power Ability to influence or control the behaviour of others P sychological relationship of control Potential to use force Means of exercising Power: Economic Diplomatic Informational Military

2. Power and Force in National Security Force Use of military or law enforcement capacity to achieve an objective. Actual application of power Police action Imprisonment Punishment War Force can be used to project or reinforce power. It is not the only means of achieving security objectives . Spectrum of influence Pure persuasion and negotiation (power only) Coercive measures (combination of power and force) Direct application of military force (force only)

3. Power and Force in National Security Evolving Relationship in contemporary Security Environment Rise of non-state actors and hybrid threats Increasing importance of information and cyber capabilities To address transnational issues Terrorism Climate change Pandemics

4. How Does Power and Force Used/Excersied? States and actors can exercise power and force in various ways, such as: Deterrence: Using the threat of force to prevent an adversary from taking undesirable actions . Compellence : Using the threat or application of force to coerce an adversary to take a specific action . Denial: Using force to prevent an adversary from achieving their objectives . Punishment: Using force to inflict costs on an adversary for their actions .

5. How Does Power and Force Used/Excersied? SOFT POWER HARD POWER SMART POWER

6. How Does Power and Force Used/Excersied? * Force can be used in any domain (land, sea, air, space, and cyber). * Force may include overt large-scale conflict, clandestine and covert activities, single targeted strikes, employment of proxies, the use of destructive cyber power, or any other activity in which violence is applied to achieve political aims and desired end state.

7. How Does Power and Force Used/Excersied? * Factors that influence the use of power and force include: - Strategic objectives - Available resources and capabilities - Domestic and international political considerations - Legal and ethical constraints - Potential risks and consequences

8. Conclusion * Understanding the relationship between power and force is essential for effective national security strategy. * Policymakers must carefully navigate the spectrum of power and force to achieve their strategic objectives while mitigating risks and unintended consequences. * Maintaining a balanced and adaptable approach is key to navigating the complex security challenges of the 21st century.