power Plant Chapter 2.pptxpower Plant Chapter 2.pptx

power Plant Chapter 2.pptxpower Plant Chapter 2.pptx

1. Thermodynamiscds

2. 05 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant : Power Plants : Definition of Power Plant “A power plant is an industrial facility used to generate electric power with the help of one or more generators which converts different energy sources into electric power ”. The power plant is the location in which the energy conversions take place.

3. 06 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.2 : Power Plants 1.2.2: Types of Power Plant FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT HYDRO- ELECTRIC POWER PLANT THERMAL POWER PLANT GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CONVENTIONAL POWER WIND- MILL POWER PLANT SOLAR PV POWER PLANT GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT BIO- MASS POWER PLANT NON- CONVENTIONAL POWER

4. 08 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.2: Working Principle The power developed by the hydraulic turbine depends on the Categorized into three sizes : LARGE (>30 MW), SMALL (100 kW - They produce electricity using turbines and generators , where mechanical energy The quantity of water available at the selected site depends upon the quantity of water and the head of water available. 30 MW) MICRO (<100 kW) is created when moving water spins rotors on a turbine. rainfall and run- off in that area.

5. 09 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant

6. 10 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.3: Classification 1. Based on availability of head (a) Low head plants (Head is less than 30 meters) (b) Medium head plants ((Head is 30- 100 meters) (c) High head plants (Head is more than 100 meters) 2. Based on nature of load (a) Base load plants (b) Peak load plants 3. Based on quantity of water available (a) Run off river plants without pondage (b) Run off river plants with pondage (c) Storage Type Plants

7. 11 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.4: Layout

8. 12 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant

9. 13 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.5: Major Components & their functions : RESERVOIR To store water during rainy season. This water run the hydraulic turbine . DAM It provides working head of water for power plant and to increase the storage capacity of reservoir. GATE Provided for controlling of flow of water from reservoir to turbine. 1 2 3 SURGE TANK Helps in establishing the velo. and pressure in the penstock and it reduces the water hammer effect. PENSTOCK Made up of reinforced concrete which are designed to withstand high pressures. They are supported by anchors. HYDRAULIC TURBINE It converts the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy. 4 5 6

10. 14 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.5: Major Components & their functions : DRAFT TUBE It is a passage which connects the exit from the turbine runner down to tail race water ELECTRIC GENERATOR The mechanical energy from turbine is converted to electrical energy. POWER HOUSE Energy is stored, controlled and distributed through Transmission Lines. 7 8 9 level. TRANSMISSION LINES Helps to transmit the power from distribution grids to the consumers. 10

11. 15 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.6: Factors affecting site selection for Hydro- Power Plant (i) Quantity of water available and method of storage . (ii) Availability of head and storage capacity. (iii) Distance of power station site from power demand centers. (iv) Details of soil bearing capacity and rocky foundation conditions. (v) Availability of construction materials. (vi) Access to site for men and materials. (vii) Availability of transport facilities. (viii) Cost of project and the period required for completion. (ix) Free from mineral deposits of harmful nature. (x) Free from earthquake damage.

12. 16 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.7: Advantages COST Operation Cost & hence cost of power generation is Less TIME SAVING Requires less time to Start RELIABILITY More reliable than other Non-conventional sources. CLEAN No waste generation, hence no and Stop the operation. LIFE Life expectancy is higher, for about 50 years. problems of waste disposal. NO FUEL Water itself act as medium to run turbine and generate power.

13. 17 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.8: Limitations WATER AVAILABILITY It totally depends on rainfall and amount of Water. COST High cost is needed for TRANSMISSION It requires long transmission lines. CONSTRUCTION TIME High time is needed for power transmission. POWER LOSS There are chances of Power Loss during transmission. construction of these plants. ECOLOGY It may disturb the ecology of the area.

14. 18 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.3 : Hydro- Electric Power Plants 1.3.9: Maintenance Monthly Maintenance Check for leakages servo connections, turbine meter shaft, lubrication, oil pump and carry out necessary repairs. Quarterly Maintenance Check the governor hydraulic oil system, servometer generators and various connections. Half-Yearly Maintenance Check and carryout the maintenance of governor mechanism, working of various instrumentations greasing the pumps and connecting pipe lines bearings etc. Yearly Maintenance Check the runner blades for cracks and cavitational effects, check the cracks in draft tube and repair, check all turbine auxiliaries, transformer, penstocks etc.

15. 19 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant : DIESEL Power Plants : Definition Definition: A diesel power plant or standby power station is the plant when we use diesel engine as a prime mover or combine a diesel engine with an electric generator to produce electrical energy by using diesel fuel .

16. 20 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant

17. 21 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants 1.4.2: Layout of Diesel Power Plant Diesel engine Air intake system Exhaust system Cooling water system Fuel supply system Lubrication system Diesel engine starting system

18. 22 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4.2: Layout of Diesel Power Plant Diesel engine Air intake system Exhaust system Cooling water system Fuel supply system Lubrication system Diesel engine starting system

19. 23 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants 1.4.3: Major Components of Diesel Power Plant DIESEL ENGINE Combustion of fuel produces mechanical power FUEL SYSTEM Monitor and supply fuel for AIR INTAKE & EXHAUST SYSTEMS Air for combustion is drawn and exhaust gases are thrown out. COOLING SYSTEM Removes heat from the engine ignition in the engine. LUBRICATION SYSTEM To reduce friction and wear of engine parts & to remove heat. through water jackets. STARTING SYSTEM Compressed air is supplied to engine for starting purpose. GENERATOR It converts mechanical energy into electric.

20. 24 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant STARTING SYSTEM Compressed air is supplied to engine for starting purpose.

21. 25 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant AIR INTAKE & EXHAUST SYSTEMS Air for combustion is drawn and exhaust gases are thrown out.

22. 26 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant FUEL SYSTEM Monitors and supply fuel for ignition in the engine.

23. 27 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant COOLING SYSTEM Removes heat from the engine through water jackets passing around Combustion chamber, Cylinders, Pistons etc.

24. 28 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant LUBRICATION SYSTEM To reduce friction and wear of engine parts & to remove heat from oil (using cooling water) before re-circulating it.

25. 29 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants 1.4.4: Factors affecting site selection Distance From load center Availability of Land Availability of Fuel Availability of Transportation Availability of Water Distance from populated Area Type of Land

26. 30 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants 1.4.4: Advantages They Can Be Installed Quickly No need of any Warming Period They Can Be Started And Stopped Quickly As And When Required. Cooling water requirements are low. Overall capital cost per unit is less Less Manpower needed for supervision Can run effectively at Part Loads

27. 31 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants 1.4.5: Limitations High running cost as diesel is expensive. Maintenance & Lubrication cost is high. Plant capacity is limited to 50 MW of Power. Not suitable to work for longer period, due to overloading. Operation is Noisy Difficult to construct on a large scale. Complex Mechanism

28. 32 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants 1.4.6: Maintenance Cycle – 7 steps Lubrication Service Cooling System Exhaust system inspection Fuel System Testing Batteries Routine Engine Exercise Keep your Diesel Generator Clean

29. 33 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant 1.4.8 : Comparison S. No. Parameter Hydro- Power Plant Diesel Power Plant 1 Location Water must be available Anywhere 2 Initial Cost High Low 3 Fuel Cost No Fuel required High 4 Operating Cost Low Very High 5 Cooling Water Not Needed Mandatory 6 Pollution Nil High rate 7 Transmission Cost Very High Very Low 8 Life of Plant 50 Years 5 years

30. 34 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Sr. No. Question Marks Name any four types of power plant. State any four limitations of diesel power plant. Classify hydroelectric power plant. Draw typical layout of diesel engine power plant showing all system. Explain with neat sketch operating principle of hydroelectric power plant. List the factors to be considered while choosing the type of power plant. Explain world and national scenario of demand and supply of energy. State any four applications of Diesel Electric power plants List the advantages and disadvantages of Hydro electric power plant Explain the maintenance procedure of Diesel generating set 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

31. 35 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant Classification, General arrangement, operating principle, advantages and limitations, maintenance. SUMMARY In this lesson, We have learned 1.3 Hydro- electric Power Plant 1.4 Diesel Power Plant Introduction, components, advantages and limitations, Diesel generating set, maintenance Comparison between Hydro & Diesel Power Plants

32. 36 Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant Our Next Video Lecture Topic Unit II. High Pressure Boilers Introduction to Boilers, Classification of HPB Construction And Working Principle of Boilers Till Then Stay Connected, THANK YOU