Power Plant Engineering for Mechanical Engineers.ppt

A Presentation of Power Plant Engineering for mechanical engineers

1. PREPARED BY : AMIT V SHAH (ASST.PROFF , S.V.M.I.T ,BHARUCH )
YEAR : 2017 (7
TH
SEM MECHANICAL)

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING(2171910)
CHAPTER -1
THERMAL POWER PLANT

2. CONTENTS:
•INTRODUCTION
•CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANT
•THERMAL POWERPLANT
•GENERAL LAYOUT OF MODERN P.P
•SITE SELECTION OF T.P.P
•PRESENTS STATUS OF POWER
GENERATION IN INDIA
•GTU QUESTIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
 POWER PLANT is an assembly of equipment's that produces and deliver mechanical and
electrical energy.
The electric energy uses in home , industry , agriculture and transportation purpose.
The electrical energy is convenient form of energy because it can be generated centrally in bulk
and transmitted over long distance.
Electrical energy is generated by different form of energy. Like…water energy , wind energy ,
geothermal energy , chemical energy , nuclear energy.
The common sources of energy in our country are coal , water , oil and gas.
Coal is the most important commercial source of energy in INDIA.
Thermal power generation can be most reliable because coal reserves in our country are
sufficient to last for some hundreds of year.
However the quality of coal produces must be improved.

4. INTRODUCTION
 What is thermal power?
Electricity generation using heat value of the fuel.
Energy conversion?
All power plant convert some form of easily and naturally available energy into electric
energy
In thermal power plant , water is the working fluid , the source of energy is chemical energy of
fuel.
Why coal?
Coal can provide usable energy at a cost of between 12 to 15 % compared to others are relatively
stable
Coal is inherently higher polluting & more carbon intensive than others
However , coal is so in expensive and pollution can be control.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANT

6. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
The Steam Power Plant, Diesel Power Plant, Gas Turbine Power Plant and Nuclear Power Plants are called
THERMAL POWER PLANT , because these convert heat into electric energy.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
BASE LOAD POWER PLANTS:
When capacity factor of plant is grater than 75% , the power plant is know as base load power plant.
The capacity factor is the ratio of the average power of generating plant to the rated power over given
time interval.
Due to high capacity of this plant have high capital cost but low operating costs.
EX..Thermal power plant , Hydro-electric power plant and Nuclear power plant.
PEAK LOAD POWER PLANTS:
When capacity factor of plant is less than 23% , the power plant is know as peak load power plant.
This plant is operated only to meet the power demands at a time of maximum demand.
This plant requires less investment cost but high operating cost.
EX..Diesel power plant , Gas turbine power plant , Pump storage hydro-electric power plant.

8. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
CENTRAL POWER PLANTS:
These power plants are large capacity plant and generate electric power for general sale to the all
consumers.
Consumers may be from public, business or industry.
The capital cost of these power plants are very high but the operating costs are low.
Ex..NTPC,NHPC
CAPTIVE POWER PLANTS:
These type of power plants are run by manufacturing company for it’s own use and it’s output is not
available for generating sale.
Ex.. IOC,ONGC,RELIANCE INDUSTRY.

9. THERMAL POWER PLANT
The steam power plants , Diesel power plants , Gas turbine power plants and Nuclear power plants are
known as Thermal power plant.
However , generally steam power plant is called as thermal power plant.
The steam power plant can perform two purposes.
1.To generate electricity only
2.To generate electricity along with production of steam for process heating.
Steam power plant works on RANKINE CYCLE.
Working fluid is steam and water.
The main components of cycle are
1.Boiler
2.Turbine
3.Condenser
4.Feed pump

10. GENERAL LAYOUT OF MODERN T.P.P

11. MAIN CIRCUITS/COMPONENTS FOR T.P.P
MAIN CIRCUITS :
MAIN COMPONENTS :

12. SITE SELECTION OF T.P.P
AVAILABILITY OF COAL
AVAILABILITY OF WATER
ASH DISPOSAL FACILITY
LAND REQUIREMENT
NATURE OF LAND
LOAD CENTER
TRANSPORT FACILITY
AVAILIBILITY OF LABOUR
SIZE OF PLANT
PUBLIC PROBLEMS
FUTURE EXPANSION

13. ADVANTAGES OF T.P.P
Fuel used is cheaper and available in large quantities.
They respond quickly to rapidly changing load on the plant.
Space required is less compared to hydro power plants.
The transmission losses are less as the plant is located near the load centre.
A portion of steam can be used as process steam for various industries.
The plant can take up to 20-25 % overload without any difficulty.
Cost of electric power generation and its initial cost is less compared with other types of power plants of
same capacity.
The unit capacity of a thermal power plant is more.
Unskilled operators can operate the plant whereas skilled operators are required in nuclear power plant.
The plant can be installed at any suitable site.
The time of installation is less compared to hydro-electric power plant.

14. DISADVANTAGES OF T.P.P
Large quantity of water is needed.
Operation and maintenance cost is high compared to nuclear and hydro power plant.
Time needed for erection of plant before it is put to operation is more compared to gas turbine and diesel
power plant.
Handling of coal and disposal of ash is difficult and it requires large space for storage of coal.
Pollution cause health problem to workers and habitants near the thermal power plant.
Starting up the plant and bringing into service takes more time.
Flue gas emitted through thermal power plant contribute to global warming.
Fuel transportation cost increases if it is located away from the mines.
The number of equipment requires more compared to others.
Number of person requires more compared to others.

15. GTU QUESTIONS:
S.N QUESTIONS MARK YEAR
1 Draw general layout of modern thermal power plant. 4 2016
2 Draw general layout of modern thermal power plant with usual notation. 5 2016
3 Explain any six factors considered in selecting a site for big thermal power plant. 3 2016
4 What factors should be taken into consideration while selecting the site for steam power plant? 7 2015
5 Draw a neat layout of thermal power plant and make a list of site selection criteria for the same. 7 2015
6 Define base load, average load and peak load for a power plant. 3 2015
7 Draw general layout of modern steam power plant label major components and state the function of each component.7 2014
8 Draw a steam power plant and discuss its advantages. 7 2014
9 Draw general layout of modern steam power plant, label major components and state functions of each component.7 2013
10 Write a brief note on present status of power generation in India. 7 2013
11 Draw a neat named general layout of modern thermal power plant. State the function of feed water heaters, economizer,
deaerator, steam turbine and electric generator.
7 2013