Power point English for begginers: explore

Curso de inglés

1. English Perfecting contemporary English through grammar, conversation, reading & writing 1

2. Chapter 1: To Be The English verb to be describes the identity, qualitites or condition of a person or object. The English to be is the equivalent in Spanish of both ser and estar, that is, it describes both essential characteristics ( ser ) and temporary conditions and situations ( estar ). Examples & conjugation of present tense of to be : I am  I am happy today You are  You are smart He is  He is my friend She is  She is busy right now It is  It is true We are  We are tired They are  They are in Paris 2

3. To be : present tense, negative form To create the negative form of the present tense of to be , place not after the verb. I am -> I am not married You are -> You are not sick He is -> He is not my friend She is -> She is not French It is -> It is not true We are -> We are not hungry They are -> They are not happy The negative form of the present tense of the very to be can also be expressed with the contraction isn’t or aren’t . There is no contraction in modern Engish for am not . I am -> I am not sick You are -> You aren’t a teacher He is -> He isn’t a lawyer She is -> She isn’t ready It is -> It isn’t a toy We are -> We aren’t friends They are -> They aren’t here 3

4. To be: present tense, interrogative form To create the interrogative, or question form of the present tense of to be, place the verb before the subject I am -> Am I -> Am I late? You are -> Are you -> Are you serious? He is -> Is he -> Is he your teacher? She is -> Is she -> Is she smart? It is -> Is it -> Is it expensive We are -> Are we -> Are we lost? They are -> Are they -> Are they friendly? 4

5. To be : Past Tense The past tense of the verb to be is created by using was or were in place of am , is and are I am -> I was ->I was depressed You are -> You were -> You were drunk He is -> He was -> He was on vacation She is -> She was -> She was happy It was -> It was -> It was in the kitchen We are -> We were -> We were hungry They are -> They were -> They were students 5

6. To be : past tense negative & interrogative To create a negative sentence in the past tense of to be , place not after the past tense form of the verb It was not in the kitchen, etc. The negative can also be expressed with the contraction wasn’t or weren’t He wasn’t on vacation They weren’t students To form questions in the past tense of to be , place was or were before the subject. Was I funny? Were you awake? Was he tall? Was she sick? Was it far away? Were we late? Were they asleep? 6

7. Exceptional uses with to be The following common expressens use the verb to be Similar expressions in Spanish use the verb tener To be cold; to be hot To be right; to be wrong To be hungry; to be thirsty To be 25 years old To be afraid To be ashamed 7

8. Chapter 2: To Have The present tense of the verb to have is expressed as follows: I have  I have a red pencil You have  You have a beautiful kitchen He has  He has a nice dog She has  She has a blue dress It has  It has good food. We have  We have a swimming pool They have  They have a new car 8

9. To Have : Present Tense, Negative Form Place do not or does not before the verb to have to create a negative sentence. The negative form of the present tense of to have can also be expressed with the contraction don’t or doesn’t. I have  I do not have  I don’t have You have  You do not have  You don’t have He has  He does not have  He doesn’t have She has  She does not have  She doesn’t have It has  It does not have  It doesn’t have We have  We do not have  We don’t have They have  They do not have  They don’t have 9

10. To Have: Present Tense, Questions To create a question with the verb to have , place do or does before the subject. Note: when used in a question have is used for all persons, never has . I have  Do I have? You have  Do you have? He has  Does he have? She has  Does she have? It has  Does it have? We have  Do we have? They have  Do they have? 10

11. To Have : past tense negative & interrogative The past tense of to have is created by using had in place of have or has I have -> I had -> I had a great time last night You have -> You had -> You had too much to drink He has -> He had -> He had a vacation She has -> She had -> She had curly hair It has -> It had -> It had long legs We have -> We had -> We had a party yesterday They have -> They had -> They had a problem with their car 11

12. To Have : past tense interrogative To form questions in the past tense of to have , place did before the subject and use have as the main verb. Did I have a message? Did you have too much to drink? Did he have his vacation yet? Did she have curly hair? Did it have long legs? Did we have a party? Did they have a problem with their car? 12

13. Chapter 3: Adjectives Adjectives are used to describe nouns. They always come before the noun. A little dog, a clean house, a nice neighbor, a good friend, a pink flower, a busy man, a good recipe, a blue car Unlike Spanish, adjectives never use a final s even if the noun is plural. Brown cows, expensive cars, clean floors, young girls, pretty ribbons, dirty shoes, angry cats Possessive adjectives are used to show ownership or possession of someone or something. They always come before the noun. Just as the personal pronouns are declined, so are their possessive adjectives, e.g. 13

14. Possessive Adjectives, cont’d. Personal pronoun Possessive adjective Example I my I drink my coffee. you your You drive your car. he his He needs his computer. she her She wears her slippers. it its It chases its tail. we ours We want our money. they their They help their children. 14

15. Adverbs An adverb is a word (or phrase) that modifies or qualifies. . . An adjective (a very little dog; the test was amazingly easy) A verb (she walked quickly ; he spoke loudly ) Another adverb ( very quickly; terribly loudly) An entire sentence or subordinate clause (we will save this for later) Adverbs tell: How an action happens (‘We left slowly ’) Where it happened (‘We arrived here yesterday’) When it happens (‘The movie is starting now ’) The extent of an action (‘I only drink wine’) Adverbs intensify or tone down an action. ‘I am certain of what happened, for sure .’ ‘I totally understand.’ ‘I almost quit my job.’ 15

16. Adverbs, cont’d. Adverbs are most often formed by adding ly to an adjective. The adjective ‘quick’ + ly = the adverb ‘ quickly ’ The adjective ‘excellent’ + ly = the adverb ‘ excellently ’ However, many adverbs do not end in ly , e.g. Again, anyway, besides, even, here, how, never, soon,often, next, today, tomorrow, yesterday, very, well, too, where, more, rather, etc., etc. 16

17. The Simple present tense The simple present tense is used when stating general facts or true statements that are happening now . Add s to the verb for he, she, it. I need  I need a new computer. You need  You need a good lawyer He need s  He needs a roommate. She need s  She needs a blanket. It need s  It needs a lot of work. We need  We need a new flashlight. They need  They need a new refrigerator. 17

18. Simple present tense, cont’d But add es to the verbs for he, she, it if the verb. . . Ends with z, s, x, ss, ch, sh I wash the car. You wash the car. He, she, it wash es the car We wash the car. They wash the car. Ends with o I go to school. You go to school. He, she, it go e s to school. We go to school. They go to school. Ends with y preceded by a consonant: change the y to i and add es . I try very hard. You try very hard. He, she, it tr ies very hard. We try very hard. They try very hard. 18

19. Simple present tense, questions Place do ( with I, you, we, they) or does (with he, she, it) before the subject to create questions in the simple, present. Always use the simple form of the verb when asking questions. I dream  Do I dream every night? You work  Do you work in the evening? He sees  Does he see the clock? She wears  Does she wear flip-flops? It hates  Does it hate milk? We want  Do we want a dog? They want  Do they own the house? 19

20. Simple present tense, negative Place do not/ don’t (for I, you, we, they) or does not/ doesn’t (for he, she, it) before the verb to create the negative. Never add s to he, she, it in the negative form. I wear  I do not/ don’t wear hats. You wear  You do not/ don’t wear perfume. He/ she/ it wears  He/ she/ it does not/ doesn’t wear shoes. We wear  We do not/ don’t wear blue jeans. You wear  You do not/ don’t wear a watch. They wear  They do not/ don’t wear diapers. 20

21. Simple past tense The simple past tense is used to describe an action that happened in the recent past. Use the following rules to create the simple past tense with regular verbs. Add ed to the simple form of the verb. ‘to visit’: I visit ed , you visit ed , he/ she/ it visit ed , we visit ed , they visit ed . If the verb ends in e , add only d . ‘to believe’: I believe d , you believe d , he/ she/ it believed , we believe d , they believe d . If the verb ends in y preceded by a consonant, delete the y and add ied. ‘to cry’: I cri ed , you cri ed , he/ she/ it cri ed , we cri ed , they cri ed . 21

22. Simple past tense: some tricky pronunciations When ed is added to verbs that end in d , pronounce the final syllable separately. ‘to need’: I need- ed , you need- ed , he/ she/ it need- ed , we need- ed , they need- ed . When ed is added to verbs that end in t , pronounce the final syllable separately. ‘to want’: I want- ed , you want- ed , he/ she/ it want- ed , we want- ed , they want- ed . The past tense ending of all other regular verbs is pronounce as one syllable whan ed is added. ‘to open’ in past tense is pronounced ‘o- pend ’ and not ‘o-pen-ed’: I opened, you opened, he/ she/ it opened, we opened, they opened 22

23. Simple Past Tense with Irregular Verbs, Part 1 Some verbs do not form the past tense by adding ed to the end of the word. These are irreguar verbs and have unique forms for the past tense. They use the same form for all persons in the past tense. They must be memorized. 23

24. Past Tense With Irregular Verbs Use your dictionary, if necessary, to find the meaning of the following 24 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To feel I feel; he feels I felt To bite I bite; he bites I bit To blow I blow; he blows I blew To shake I shake; he shakes I shook To tear I tear; he tears I tore To slide I slide; he slides I slid To spend I spend; he spends I spent To teach I teach; he teaches I taught To do I do; he does I did To find I find; he finds I found

25. Past Tense With Irregular Verbs, Part 1 25 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To fall I fall; he falls I fell To break I break; he breaks I broke To buy I buy; he buys I bought To take I take; he takes I took Before continuing, go to written exercise for some practise. To swear I swear; he swears I swore To dig I dig; he digs I dug To hold I hold; he holds I held To shoot I shoot; he shoots I shot To hear I hear; he hears I heard To leave I leave; he leaves I left To see I see; he sees I saw

26. Past Tense With Irregular Verbs, Part 2 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To lend I lend; he lends I lent To have I have; he has I had To drive I drive; he drives I drove To come I come; he comes I came To wake I wake; he wakes I woke To build I build; he builds I built To forget I forget; he forgets I forgot To freeze I freeze; he freezes I froze To catch I catch; he catches I caught to beat I beat; he beats I beat 26

27. Past Tense With Irregular Verbs, Part 2 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To ride I ride; he rides I rode To cut I cut; he cuts I cut To bend I bend; he bends I bent To sleep I sleep; he sleeps I slept To understand I understand; he understands I understood To withdraw I withdraw; he withdraws I withdrew 27 Before continuing, go to written exercise for some practise.

28. Past Tense With Irregular Verbs, Part 2 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To shut I shut; he shuts I shut To bring I bring; he brings I brought To win I win; he wins I won To send I send; he sends I sent To choose I chose; he chooses I chose To grow I grow; he grows I grew To cost I cost; he costs I cost To forgive I forgive; he forgives I forgave To keep I keep; he keeps I kept To rise I rise; he rises I rose To mean I mean; he means I meant 28

29. Past Tense With Irregular Verbs, Part 2 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To hurt I hurt; he hurts I hurt To put I put; he puts I put To lose I lose; he loses I lost To think I think; he thinks I thought 29 Before continuing, go to written exercise for some practise.

30. Simple Past Tense with Irregular Verbs, Part 3 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To meet I meet; he meets I met To sing I sing; he sings I sang To ring I ring; he rings I rang To throw I throw; he throws I threw To run I run; he runs I ran To get I get; he gets I got To know I know; he knows I knew To sell I sell; he sells I sold To spin I spin; he spins I spun 30

31. Simple Past Tense with Irregular Verbs, Part 3 Infinitive Present Tense: I, you, we, they; he, she, it Past Tense: I, you, he, she, it, we, they To feed I feed; he feeds I fed To fight I fight; he fights I fought To light I light; he lights I lit To eat I eat; he eats I ate To fit I fit; he fits I fit To read I read; he reads I read (pronounced ‘red’) 31 Before continuing, go to written exercise for some practise.

32. Simple Past Tense: Negatives Place did not after the subject and use the simple form of the verb (i.e., the infinitive) to create the negative form of the simple past tense for both regular and irregular verbs. The negative form can also be expressed with the contraction didn’t . Some examples: I did not break the cup. You didn’t answer me. He did not believe you. We didn’t sell our house. They did not find their dog. 32

33. The Simple Past Tense: Asking Questions Place did before the subject and use the simple form of the verb (i.e., the infinitive) to ask questions using the simple past tense for both regular and irregular verbs. Some examples: I ate  Did I eat your sandwich? You changed  Did you change your shirt? He escaped  Did he escape from the police? We elected  Did we elect the right person? They took  Did they take any pictures? 33

34. Some Prepositions: In Use in as a preposition to indicate: Position or location The towels are in the dryer. Months and seasons My birthday is in May. The garden is beautiful in the summer. Location within countries, cities, states and provinces She lives in Colombia. Anthony goes to the university in Medellin. I live in Connecticut. We met in British Columbia. The year when something happened. Mary and Tom got married in 2014. Times during the day. We left in the afternoon. (Exeption: at night) 34

35. Some Prepositions: On Use on as a preposition to indicate: An object supported by a surface The cup is on the table. The time when something happened I worked on the weekend. The means of expression We talked on the telephone. I saw it on television. The directional positioning of something (or where something is) The doctor’s office is the first door on the left. A means of transportation Lucy slept on the plane. (Exception: ‘ in the car’) The subject of study or inquiry That is a great book on English grammar. 35

36. There Is & There Are, Present Tense There is & there are are used to indicate that something exists or is available. They are the equivalent of hay in Spanish. Use there is with singlular nouns and there are with plural nouns. 36 Singular Plural There is a gift for you on the table. There are some gifts for you on the table. There is a sand castle on the beach. There are lots of sand castles on the beach. There is a bird in the tree. There are many birds in the tree. There is a button on the floor. There are three buttons on the floor.

37. There Is & There Are, Present Tense, Negative Form Place not after there is/ there are to create a negative sentence. There is  There is not  There is not a mirror in my room. There are  There are not  There are not many blankets on my bed. The negative form can also be expressed by the contractions there isn’t and there aren’t . There is  There isn’t  There isn’t a mirror in my room. There are  There aren’t  There aren’t many blankets on my bed. 37

38. There Is & There Are, Present Tense, Question Form To create a question, put is or are before there . There is  Is there  Is there any food in the refrigerator? There are  Are there  Are there any ducks in the lake? 38

39. There Is & There Are, Past Tense The past tense of there is is there was . There wa s a loud noise downstairs last night. The past tense of there are is there were . There were dark clouds in the sky yesterday. 39

40. There Is & There Are, Past Tense, Negative Form To create a negative sentence, place not after there is & there was . There was  There was not  There was not a doll on my chair. There were  There were not  There were not many children in the classroom. You can also use the contractions there isn’t and there weren’t . There was  There was not  There wasn’t a doll on my chair. There were  There were not  There weren’t many children in the classroom. 40

41. There Is & There Are, Past Tense, Questions Place was or were before there to create a question in the past tense. There was  Was there  Was there a chair in the office? There were  Were there  Were there a lot of people at the game? 41

42. Prepositions: To & At Use to to describe: a movement or an action towards a person, place or thing She walks to school every day. The purpose of an action. I go to the bank machine every week to withdraw some money. Use at to describe: The location where something happens. We learn a lot at school. The hour when something happens. The bells ring at midnight. 42

43. The Present Progressive (Continuous) Tense The present progressive is used to describe an activity that is presently in progress. It is formed by using the verb to be and by adding the participle of the verb (i.e., ing + simple form of the verb). 43 Present Present Progressive I drink I am drinking You drink You are drinking He drinks He is drinking She drinks She is drinking It drinks It is drinking We drink We are drinking They drink They are drinking

44. The Present Progressive (Continuous) Tense: Negative Form To create the negative form of the present progressive place not after the verb to be . The negative form can also be expressed with the contraction isn’t or aren’t (there is no contraction for am not). 44 Present Progressive Negative Present Progressive I am washing I am not washing You are washing You are not/ aren’t washing He is washing He is not/ isn’t washing She is washing She is not/ isn’t washing It is washing It is not/ isn’t washing We are washing We are not/ aren’t washing They are washing They are not/ aren’t washing

45. The Present Progressive (Continuous) Tense: Question Form To create questions in the present progressive, place the verb to be before the subject. 45 Present Progressive Present Progressive Question I am watching Am I watching? You are watching Are you watching? He is watching Is he watching? She is watching Is she watching It is watching Is it watching? We are watching Are we watching? They are watching Are they watching?

46. The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense The past progressive is used to describe an activity that happened and continued for a period of time in the past. It is formed using the past tense of the verb to be and by adding the participle of the verb (i.e., ing + simple form of the verb). 46 Present Present progressive Past Progressive I drink I am drinking I was drinking You drink You are drinking You were drinking He drinks He is drinking He was drinking She drinks She is drinking She was drinking It drinks It is drinking It was drinking We drink We are drinking We were drinking They drink They are drinking They were drinking

47. The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense: Negative Form To create the negative form of the past progressive tense, place not after the past tense form of the verb to be. The negative form of the past progressive tense can alaso be expressed with the contraction wasn’t or weren’t . 47 Past Progressive Negative Past Progressive I was washing I was not/ wasn’t washing You were washing You were not/ weren’t washing He was washing He was not/ wasn’t washing She was washing She was not/ wasn’t washing It was washing It was not/ wasn’t washing We were washing We were not/ weren’t washing They were washing They were not/ weren’t washing

48. The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense: Question Form To create questions in the past progresisve, place the past tense of the verb to be before the subject. 48 Past Progressive Past Progressive Question I was watching Was I watching? You were watching Were you watching? He was watching Was he watching? She was watching Was she watching It was watching Was it watching? We were watching Were we watching? They were watching Were they watching?

49. Prepositions: From & Of Use from as a preposition to: Indicate the source : ‘She got the news from John.’ Indicate a starting point of movement: ‘We drove from Montreal to Toronto.’ Indicate a starting point of an action : ‘My husband called me from work.’ Measure between points: ‘I work from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm.’ Use of as a preposition to: Indicate the cause or reason for an action: ‘He died of a heart attack.’ Indicate the contents : ‘I drank two cups of coffee this morning.’ Indicate belonging : ‘I met the Queen of Engand.’ Describe a characteristic of someone : ‘He is a man of great courage.’ 49

50. WILL : the Future Tense To create the futurre tense use will for all persons. The simple form of the verb always follows will . 50 Present Future I hold I will hold You hold You will hold He holds He will hold She holds She will hold It holds It will hold We hold We will hold They hold They will hold

51. WILL : the Future Tense, Negative Place not after will to create the negative form of the future tense. The simple form of the verb always follows will not . The negative form of the future tense with will can be expressed by the contraction won’t . 51 Future Future Negative I will be there I will not/ won’t be there You will say that You will not/ won’t say that He will pay me He will not/ won’t pay me She will see you She will not/ won’t see you It will eat It will not eat We will borrow money We will not/ won’t borrow money They will drive to New York They will not/ won’t drive to New York

52. WILL : the Future Tense, Question To create questions in the future tense, place will before the subject of the sentence. 52 Future Tense Future Tense Question I will like it Will I like it? You will call me Will you call me? He will write a book Will he write a book? She will come for dinner Will she come for dinner? It will annoy you Will it annoy you? We will need a new car Will we need a new car? They will worry about me Will they worry about me?

53. Be Going To : the Future Tense The future tense can also be expressed by using be going to . Use the correct form of the verb to be for each person. The simple form of the verb always follow be going to. 53 Future Be Going To Future I will explain the situation I am going to explain the situation You will need a hammer You are going to need a hammer He will answer the question He/ she/ it is going t o answer the question We will prove it to you We are going to prove it to you They will meet downtown They are going to meet downtown

54. Be Going To : the Future Tense, Negative Form To create the negative form of the future tense with be going to , place not after the verb to be . 54 Be going to : future Be going to : future negative I am going to lose the game I am not going to lose the game You are going to win You are not going to win He/ she/ it is going to be there He/ she/ it is not going to be there We are going to leave We are not going to leave They are going to talk They are not going to talk

55. Be Going To : the Future Tense, Question Form To create questions in the future tense of be going to , place the verb to be before the subject. 55 Future tense of be going to Future tense of be going to, Question form I am going to see you Am I going to see you? You are going to visit me Are you going to visit me? He/ she/ it is going to be there Is he/ she/ it going to be there? We are going to agree Are we going to agree? They are going to park the car in front of the house Are they going to park the car in front of the house?

56. The Indefinite Articles: A and An The indefinite articles a and an are used with singular nouns. Use a before most nouns or adjectives that begin with a consonant . a cup, a ball, a class, a bug Use a before nouns or adjectives that begin with a pronounced h a house, a horse, a hammer, a hurricane Use a before nouns or adjectives if the vowel is pronounced as a consonant The following nouns are pronounced with a y sound a union, a university, a uniform, a utensil The following nouns are pronounced with a w sound A one-hour class, a once-in-a-lifetime oportunity Use an before most nouns or adjectives that begin with a vowel . an egg, an idea, an accident, an example Use an before nouns or adjectives when the h is not pronounced An honor, an hour, an heir, an honest mistake 56

57. The Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Tense is used when the time of a past activity is not important or is not known in the sentence. Use has or have and the past participle of the verb with both regular and irregular verbs to form the resent parfect tense. The past participle of all regular verbs is the same as the simple past tense form (+ ed) . 57 REGULAR VERBS Simple Present Simple Past Present Perfect Contraction I work I worked I have worked I’ve worked You work You worked You have worked You’ve worked He, she, it works He, she, it worked He, she, it has worked He’s, she’s, it’s worked We work We worked We have worked We’ve worked They work They worked They have worked They’ve worked

58. The Present Perfect Tense Simple Present Simple Past Present Perfect Contraction I take I took I have taken I’ve taken You take You took You have taken You’ve taken He, she, it takes He, she, it took He, she, it has taken He’s, she’s, it’s taken We take We took We have taken We’ve taken They take They took They have taken They’ve taken 58 IRREGULAR VERBS The past participle of all irregular verbs has a different form and must be studied and learned. Refer to Table of the most common irregular verbs in English. It takes a lot of practice to be able to correctly use the present perfect tense, so learn the past participles of irregular verbs by heart and you will quickly be able to use this tense correctly.

59. Present Perfect Tense of Regular Verbs, Negative Form To create the negative form of the present Perfect Tense of regular verbs, place not after has or have and use the past participle of the verb. The negative form can also be expressed with the contraction hasn’t or haven’t . Remember: the past participle of all regular verbs is the same as the simple past tense form but the past participle of all irregular verbs has a different form and must be studied and learned. 59 Simple Past Simple Past Negative Present Perfect Contraction I waited I did not/ didn’t wait I have not waited I haven’t waited You waited You did not/ did’t wait You have not waited You haven’t waited He, she, it waited He, she, it did not/ didn’t wait He, she, it has not waited He, she, it hasn’t waited We waited We did not/ didn’t wait We have not waited We haven’t waited They waited They did ot wait They have not waited They haven’t waited

60. Present Perfect Tense of Irregurlar Verbs, Negative Form Remember: the past participle of all regular verbs is the same as the simple past tense form but the past participle of all irregular verbs has a different form and must be studied and learned. 60 Simple Past Simple Past Negative Present Perfect Negative Contraction I wrote I did not/ didn’t write I have not written I haven’t written You wrote You did not/ did’t write You have not written You haven’t written He, she, it wrote He, she, it did not/ didn’t write He, she, it has not written He, she, it hasn’t written We wrote We did not/ didn’t write We have not written We haven’t written They wrote They did not write They have not written They haven’t wrtitten

61. Present Perfect Tense of Irregular Verbs, Question Form To create questions with the present perfect tense, place have or has before the subject. The past participle of the verb is used when forming questions with the present perfect tense. 61 Present Perfect Present Perfect Question I have worked Have I worked? You have worked Have you worked? He, she, it has worked Has he, she, it worked? We have worked Have we worked? They have worked Have they worked?

62. English Pronunciation: Words with Silent Letters Many English words contain letters that are not pronounced These have to be learned, recognized and practised. Sometimes gh and ugh is not pronounced or is pronounced as an f. 62 aisle know February knife foreign a i s l e k no w Feb r uary k nif e fore ig n bright enough cough right thought bri gh t enu f co f ri gh t tho ugh t

63. Past Perfect Tense The Past Perfect Tense is used to describe an action that occurred before another past action. To create the past perfect tense, use had + past participle of the verb. The contraction ‘d is often used with the pronoun in the past perfect tense. 63 Present Perfect Past Perfect I have heard the news I had (I’d) heard the news You have heard the news You had (you’d) heard the news He, she, it heard the news He had (he’d), she had (she’d), it had heard the news We have heard the news. We had (we’d) heard the news They have heard the news They had (they’d) heard the news

64. Past Perfect Tense: Negative To create the negative form of the past perfect tense, place not after had and use the past participle of the verb. The negative form of the Past Perfect can also be expressed with the contraction hadn’t . Remember, the past participle of all regular verbs is the same as the simple past tense form (+ ed ) The past participle of all irregular verbs must be studied and learned. You can also use the contraction hadn’t to express the negative of the past perfect. 64 Past Perfect Past Perfect Negative I had read the book I had not (hadn’t) read the book You had read the book You had not (hadn’t) read the book He, she, it had read the book He, she, it had not (hadn’t) read the book We had read the book We had not (hadn’t) read the book They had read the book They had not (hadn’t) read the book

65. Past Perfect Tense: Question To create the question form of the past perfect tense, place had before the subject. 65 Past Perfect Past Perfect Question I had read the book Had I read the book? You had read the book Had you read the book? He, she, it had read the book Had he, she, it read the book? We had read the book Had w e read the book? They had read the book Had they read the book?

66. Future Perfect Tense The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will happen in the future before another future action happens. To create the future perfect tense, place will after the subject and have for all persons, along with the past participle of the verb. 66 Present Perfect Future Perfect I have read the book I will have read the book You have read the book You will have read the book He, she, it has read the book He, she, it will have read the book We have read the book We will have read the book They have read the book They will have read the book

67. Future Perfect Tense: Negative Form The Future Perfect Tense uses the negative to describe an action that will not happen in the future before another action happens. To create the negative future perfect tense, place not after will and use have for all persons. The contraction won’t can be used inplace of will not . 67 Future Perfect Future Perfect Negative I will have heard the news I will not (won’t) have heard the news You will have heard the news You will not (won’t) have heard the news He, she, it will have heard the news He will not (won’t), she will not (won’t), it will not (won’t) have heard the news We will have heard the news. We will not (won’t) have heard the news They will have heard the news They will not (won’t) have heard the news

68. Future Perfect Tense: Question Form Place will before the subject to create questions with the future perfect tense. 68 Future Perfect Future Perfect Question I will have heard the news Will I have heard the news? You will have heard the news Will you have heard the news? He, she, it will have heard the news Will he/she/ it have heard the news? We will have heard the news. Will we have heard the news? They will have heard the news Will they have heard the news?