power point persentation GROUP HOUSING.pptx

this ppt is all about group housing

1. GROUP HOUSING ARCHITECTURE DESIGN AND FIELD STUDY IV FAIZEL 2105021 PRATIK RAJ 2105006 MD REHAN ABEDIN 2105023 YASH RAJ 2105004

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OF GROUP HOUSING 1 LITRATURE STUDY 2 CLIMATIC STUDY 3 4 CASE STUDY

3. Group housing refers to a type of residential development or living arrangement where multiple individuals or families share common facilities and spaces within a single building or a complex of buildings. It is designed to accommodate a group of people while promoting community living and shared resources WHY WE NEED GROUP HOUSING Group housing, also known as communal or collective living arrangements, serves various purposes and provides numerous benefits that make it a desirable and relevant option for certain individuals and communities. Here are some reasons why we need group housing: WHAT IS GROUP HOUSING

4. Affordability: Group housing can be more cost-effective than individual housing units. Shared expenses, such as utilities and maintenance, are divided among multiple residents, reducing the financial burden on each individual WHY WE NEED GROUP HOUSING

5. Social Interaction and Support: Group housing fosters a sense of community and social interaction among residents. It provides opportunities for shared activities, mutual support, and a built-in support system, particularly beneficial for older adults, students, and individuals seeking companionship. WHY WE NEED GROUP HOUSING

6. Utilization of Space: In densely populated areas where land is scarce, group housing allows for efficient use of available space, making it possible to accommodate more people within a smaller land footprint. WHY WE NEED GROUP HOUSING

7. Shared Facilities and Amenities: Residents of group housing can enjoy access to shared facilities and amenities, such as communal kitchens, common rooms, gyms, gardens, and recreational spaces that may be cost-prohibitive in individual housing. WHAT IS GROUP HOUSING

8. Urban Revitalization: Group housing developments can contribute to urban revitalization efforts by transforming underutilized or vacant properties into vibrant and active living communities. WHY WE NEED GROUP HOUSING

9. Group housing refers to a collection of residential units or dwellings that are designed and built together in a cohesive manner. These units can be organized in various ways to create different types of group housing developments. Here are some common classifications of group housing based on their layout and arrangement: CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP HOUSING BASED ON ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT Cluster Housing: Multi story Apartment Buildings Courtyard Housing Gated Communities: Senior Housing Co-Housing: Row Housing:

10. Row Housing: Row housing, also known as townhouses, consists of a series of individual units that are attached in a row. Each unit typically shares side walls with adjacent units, creating a continuous row of residences. Row housing often has a uniform architectural style and is arranged along a street or pathway CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP HOUSING BASED ON ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT

11. Cluster Housing: Cluster housing involves grouping multiple units around a shared open space or courtyard. The units may be arranged in a circular, semi-circular, or HOUSING 13 other geometric pattern, with each cluster having its own communal area. This design encourages a sense of community and provides a balance between privacy and social interaction. CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP HOUSING BASED ON ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT

12. Multistory Apartment Buildings: Multistory group housing consists of apartments or units stacked vertically within a single building. These buildings can vary in height and design, from low-rise structures to high-rise towers. Multistory apartments are common in urban areas and can accommodate a large number of residents while maximizing land use. CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP HOUSING BASED ON ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT

13. Gated Communities: Gated communities are group housing developments that are enclosed and secured by gates or walls. These developments often offer amenities such as security services, recreational facilities, and shared spaces exclusively for residents. Gated communities provide a sense of exclusivity and privacy. CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP HOUSING BASED ON ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT

14. Housing faces a variety of problems and issues that can significantly impact individuals, families, and communities. These challenges can be diverse, ranging from affordability and availability to social and environmental concerns. Here are some of the key problems and issues in housing: Homelessness: Homelessness is a critical problem, especially in urban areas. It occurs when individuals or families lack a stable and secure place to live, often due to factors such as poverty, lack of affordable housing, mental health issues, or substance abuse problems. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN HOUSING

15. Housing Shortage: In some regions, there is a shortage of available housing units to meet the demand from a growing population. The housing shortage can exacerbate affordability issues and lead to overcrowding or substandard living conditions. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN HOUSING

16. Inadequate Housing Conditions: Some housing units suffer from inadequate living conditions, such as poor maintenance, lack of basic amenities, and HOUSING 20 substandard construction. These conditions can negatively affect the health and well-being of residents. Gentrification: Gentrification is the process of revitalizing urban areas by renovating buildings and attracting wealthier residents, often leading to the displacement of lower-income communities and changes in the neighborhood's character. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN HOUSING

17. Environmental Impact: The construction and operation of housing can have significant environmental consequences, including increased energy consumption, carbon emissions, and disruption of natural habitats. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN HOUSING

18. Informal Settlements: Informal settlements, also known as slums or shantytowns, lack proper infrastructure and services, and residents often face inadequate living conditions, limited access to basic amenities, and tenure insecurity. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN HOUSING

19. Disaster Vulnerability: Some housing may be located in areas prone to natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, or wildfires, putting residents at risk. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN HOUSING

20. EWS LIG MIG HIG TYPES OF HOUSING BASED ON INCOME GROUP

21. EWS Candidate's annual family income must be less than Rs. 8 lakhs per annum. Their family must not own more than 5 acres of agriculture land. Income = 8 Lakhs per annum TYPES OF HOUSING BASED ON INCOME GROUP

22. LIG stands for Low-Income Group in its whole form. This category includes households with an annual income of between Rs 3 lakhs and Rs 6 lakhs. LIG Income = Between 3 to 6 Lakhs TYPES OF HOUSING BASED ON INCOME GROUP

23. MIG This group is divided into two categories, MIG-I and MIG-II. The categorisation is done based on annual income. People with a yearly income between Rs 6 lakh to Rs 12 lakh fall under the MIG-I category. If a person earns between Rs 12 lakh to Rs 18 lakh, they fall under the MIG-II category. MIG 1 Income = 6 Lakhs to 12 Lakhs MIG 2 Income = 12 Lakhs to 18 Lakhs TYPES OF HOUSING BASED ON INCOME GROUP

24. HIG The full form of HIG is a high-income group. It includes households whose annual income is above Rs 18 lakh. People under this category are eligible for more carpet area and extra amenities like 3 BHK flats, duplexes, bungalows Income = Above 18 Lakhs per year TYPES OF HOUSING BASED ON INCOME GROUP

25. BUILDING BYE LAWS 1

26. PURPOSE Building bye laws is to define and regulation for the construction, maintenance and safety of the building. These laws ensure the safety and well-being of people. These laws provide guidelines for the minimum size of a building plot, the maximum height of a building, the number of floors allowed, the materials that can be used, and the safety features that must be incorporated.

27. DEFINITION Bihar building bye laws are regulations that govern construction and development in the state. They cover aspects like building height, setbacks, fire safety, waste management, and more. These laws may vary between cities and municipalities, so it's essential to check with the local urban development authority for specific guidelines.

28. Objectives of Building Bye laws Allows disciplined and systematic growth of buildings and towns and prevent haphazard development. Protect safety of public against fire, noise, health hazards and structural failures. Provide proper utilization of space. Hence, maximum efficiency in planning can be derived from these bye laws. They give guidelines to the architect or an engineer in effective planning and useful in preplanning the building activates. They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live in buildings. Due to these by-laws, each building will have proper approaches, light, air and ventilation which are essential for health, safety and comfort.

29. GROUP HOUSING BYE LAWS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

30. Over all height of building must less than 60’ and the height measure from the road to building top Expected residential building no building should be more than 3 stories. Minimum height of each floor not less than 9’-6". Residential building should be less than 5 stories expect basement. More than 4 or 5 story building must have lifts. Residential Building Bye laws

31. ECONOMICALLY WEAKER GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Room Layouts: Design compact and efficient room layouts to optimize space utilization while providing essential living spaces. EWS units may typically have fewer rooms compared to higher-income categories. Floor Area: The floor area of EWS units is relatively small, generally ranging from about 20 square meters (approximately 215 square feet) to 30 square meters (approximately 323 square feet) for apartments. Ceiling Height : Maintain a standard ceiling height of around 2.7 to 2.8 meters (approximately 9 feet) to ensure adequate headroom and ventilation.

32. ECONOMICALLY WEAKER GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP . Doors and Windows: Use simple and cost-effective doors and windows that provide sufficient natural light and ventilation. 1. Door Dimensions : Entrance/Main Door: around 0.8 to 0.9 meters (approximately 2.6 to 3 feet) in width and 2.1 to 2.4 meters (approximately 7 to 8 feet) in height. Interior Doors: around 0.7 to 0.8 meters (approximately 2.3 to 2.6 feet) in width and 2.1 to 2.4 meters (approximately 7 to 8 feet) in height. 2. Window Dimensions: EWS 2 Window dimensions in EWS housing are designed to allow sufficient natural light and ventilation while keeping the cost of construction reasonable. Common window size may range from approximately 0.6 to 0.9 meters (approximately 2 to 3 feet) in width and 1.2 to 1.5 meters (approximately 4 to 5 feet) in height

33. LOW INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Building Materials: LIG buildings often use cost-effective and durable building materials to keep construction expenses reasonable. Common materials may include concrete, bricks, steel, and affordable yet robust finishes for interiors and exteriors. Floor Area : range from about 30 square meters (approximately 323 square feet) to 60 square meters (approximately 645 square feet) for apartments. Room Dimensions: around 3 meters by 3 meters (approximately 10 feet by 10 feet), while living rooms could be larger, around 4 meters by 4 meters (approximately 13 feet by 13 feet) Ceiling Height: around 2.7 to 3 meters (approximately 9 to 10 feet) for LIG buildings.

34. LOW INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Doors and Windows: Main entrance door: height around 7 feet (2.1 meters) and the width is typically 3 feet (0.9 meters). Internal doors: height of around 6 feet 8 inches (2.03 meters) and a width of about 2 feet 8 inches (0.81 meters). Window Dimensions: Bedroom windows: around 3 feet (0.9 meters) in height and 4 feet (1.2 meters) in width. LIG 2 2. Living room windows: approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters) in height and 5 feet (1.5 meters) in width. 3. Kitchen and bathroom windows: , ranging from 2 feet (0.6 meters) to 3 feet (0.9 meters) in height and 2 feet (0.6 meters) in width.

35. LOW INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Parking 1. Car Parking Space: Length: The length of a car parking space is typically around 16 feet (4.8 meters) to 18 feet (5.4 meters). Width: The width of a standard car parking space is usually about 8 feet (2.4 meters) to 9 feet (2.7 meters). 2. Two-Wheeler Parking Space: Length: The length of a two-wheeler parking space is usually around 6 feet (1.8 meters) to 8 feet (2.4 meters). Width: The width of a standard two-wheeler parking space is generally about 2.5 feet (0.76 meters) to 3.5 feet (1.1 meters).

36. MIDDLE INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP . Room Layouts: Design efficient and spacious room layouts to accommodate the needs of middle-income families. Consider larger bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchen spaces compared to LIG buildings. Ensure adequate storage space in bedrooms and kitchens to accommodate personal belongings and household items. Floor Area: The size of individual units may vary, but it could range from about 60 square meters (approximately 645 square feet) to 100 square meters (approximately 1,076 square feet). Ceiling Height: Maintain a ceiling height of around 2.7 to 3 meters (approximately 9 to 10 feet) to create a sense of openness and spaciousness.

37. MIDDLE INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Doors and Windows: Door sizes can be around 0.9 to 1.2 meters (approximately 3 to 4 feet) in width, while window sizes may vary based on the room's function and the building's architectural design. Main Entrance Door : Height: The standard height for a main entrance door in MIG housing is usually around 7 feet (2.1 meters). 2. Width: The width of a main entrance door is typically about 3 feet (0.9 meters)

38. MIDDLE INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP . Internal Doors: Height: Internal doors within the MIG housing units are generally around 6 feet 8 inches (2.03 meters) in height. Width: The width of internal doors is typically about 2 feet 8 inches (0.81 meters). Window Dimensions: Bedroom Windows: Height: A common height for bedroom windows in MIG housing is around 3 feet (0.9 meters). Width: Bedroom windows are usually about 4 feet (1.2 meters) in width.

39. MIDDLE INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Kitchen and Bathroom Windows : Height: Windows in kitchens and bathrooms are generally smaller, with a height of around 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 meters). Width : The width of kitchen and bathroom windows is usually about 2 feet (0.6 meters). Sanitation Facilities : Each unit should include a bathroom with a toilet, a washbasin, and a shower area. Consider designing ensuite bathrooms for the master bedroom if possible. Standard Toilet Size: Length: A standard toilet's length is typically around 5 feet (1.5 meters) to 6 feet (1.8 meters). Width: The width of a standard toilet is usually about 3 feet (0.9 meters) to 4 feet (1.2 meters).

40. HIGH INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Floor Area: HIG apartments may range from about 100 square meters (approximately 1,076 square feet) to 200 square meters (approximately 2,152 square feet) or more, depending on the market and location. ceiling Height: Maintain a ceiling height of around 3 meters (approximately 10 feet) or higher to create an opulent and spacious ambiance Door and Window Use premium-quality doors and windows with larger sizes to allow more natural light and offer better views of the surroundings.

41. HIGH INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Main Entrance Door : 1. Height: The standard height for a main entrance door in HIG housing is usually around 7 feet (2.1 meters). 2 . Width: The width of a main entrance door is typically about 3 feet (0.9 meters) to 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 meters). Internal Doors: 1. Height: Internal doors within the HIG housing units are generally around 7 feet (2.1 meters) in height. Width: The width of internal doors is typically about 2 feet 8 inches (0.81 meters) to 3 feet (0.9 meters) 2.Width: The width of internal doors is typically about 2 feet 8 inches (0.81 meters) to 3 feet (0.9 meters).

42. HIGH INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Window Dimensions: 1. Bedroom Windows: Height : 1. A common height for bedroom windows in HIG housing is around 4 feet (1.2 meters) to 5 feet (1.5 meters). Width: Bedroom windows are usually about 3 feet (0.9 meters) to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in width. 2. Living Room Windows: Height: Living room windows are often taller, with a height of around 5 feet (1.5 meters) to 6 feet (1.8 meters). Width: The width of living room windows is typically about 5 feet (1.5 meters) to 6 feet (1.8 meters). 3. Kitchen and Bathroom Windows: Height: Windows in kitchens and bathrooms are generally smaller, with a height of around 3 feet (0.9 meters) to 4 feet (1.2 meters). Width: The width of kitchen and bathroom windows is usually about 2 feet (0.6 meters) to 3 feet (0.9 meters).

43. HIGH INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Green Building and Sustainability Features: Modern building consume about 25 to 30% of total energy, and up to 30 % of fresh potable water, and generate approximately 40% of total waste Consider incorporating advanced green building technologies, such as energy efficient lighting, smart energy management systems, and sustainable building materials.

44. HIGH INCOME GROUP CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INCOME GROUP Car Parking Space: Length: The length of a car parking space is typically around 18 feet (5.4 meters) to 20 feet (6.1 meters). Width: The width of a standard car parking space is usually about 9 feet (2.7 meters) to 10 feet (3 meters). 2. Two-Wheeler Parking Space: Length: The length of a two-wheeler parking space is usually around 6 feet (1.8 meters) to 8 feet (2.4 meters). Width: The width of a standard two-wheeler parking space is generally about 2.5 feet (0.76 meters) to 3.5 feet (1.1 meters).

45. CLIMATIC STUDY BY MD. REHAN ABEDIN

46. INTRODUCTION COMPOSITE CLIMATE The composite climate zone covers central part of India. Composite climate displays the characteristic of hot and dry, warm and humid as well as cold climate. Composite climate have prevailing climatic conditions. Their characteristic change from season to season.  Nature Of Climate:- Generally In summer:- Day time temperature is 32-45*C. In night time temperature is 27-32*C.  

47. INTRODUCTION COMPOSITE CLIMATE IN winter :- Day time temperature is 10-25*C. In night time temperature is 4-10*C. Receive strong monsoon winds from South -East and North-East. In Patna in summer time average temperature is 28-42*C. In Patna in winter time average temperature is 10-25*c. In Patna winds direction lies between East to West direction.

48. DESIGN CRITERIA COMPOSITE CLIMATE Objective:- Resist heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Promote heat loss in summer or monsoon.   1. Resist heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter :-   Increase thermal resistance. Increase thermal capacity. Increase buffer space.

49. COMPOSITE CLIMATE   Resist heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter :- Decrease air exchange rate. Increase shading. Increase surface reflectivity. Orientation and shaped of the building use of trees as wind barriers. Roof and wall insulation. Use thicker wall and balconies. Use light colour.  

50. COMPOSITE CLIMATE   Promote heat loss in summer or monsoon:- Ventilation of appliance. Increase air exchange rate. Increase humidity level in dry summer. Decrease humidity in monsoon. Provide exhausts. Courtyards or wind tower or arrangement of opening. Provide trees and water evaporative cooling.  

51. ORIENTATION OF BUILDING COMPOSITE CLIMATE In composite climate the orientation of building is preferable in North – East and South – West direction. This helps in receiving less radiation which result in lesser heat gain and reduce the over all air conditioning requirement and thus save energy. Proper orientation also helps in receiving natural light and ventilation.

52. PCDC.COM

53. BUILDING FORM AND PLANNING COMPOSITE CLIMATE Open spaces such as courtyards as beneficial. Building should be grouped in such a way as to take advantage of prevailing breezes during the short periods when air movement is necessary. A moderately dense low rise also suitable for this climate , which will ensure protection of outdoor space. Mutual sharing of external walls , shelter from the wind in the cold climate , shelter from dust and reduction of surfaces exposed the solar radiation. .

54. ROOF AND WALL COMPOSITE CLIMATE   Roofs And Walls:- The roof pound system requires a body of water to be located in the roof , protected controlled by exterior movable insulation. This body of water is exposed to direct solar gain which absorb and stores. Since thermal storage of the building it will radiate uniform low temperature. . .

55. COMPOSITE CLIMATE   Ventilation :- Position Of Openings :- In buildings air movements must be insured through the spaces mostly used by occupants through the living zone { up to 2m high}. Size Of Openings :- The largest air velocity will be obtained through a small inlet opening with large outlet. Controls Of Openings :- A gape between the building face and canopy would ensure a downward pressure. Thus a flow is directed into the living zone.

56.   DESIGN BY CHARLES CORREA IT IS IN NEW DELHI. TARA APPARTMENT IS ONE KIND OF SOCIAL PR0JECTS THAT’S INTENDED FOR A MIDDLE CLASS OF NEHRU CENTER. TARA HOUSING GROUP HAS MORE THAN 125 UNITS AND 375 PERSON PER HECTARE CASE STUDY

57.   Building location INDIA   Location: New Delhi, India Date: 1975-1978 Site: 1.48 ha Program: Social housing with 160 units of two and three-bedroom flats Client: Tara Housing Society Architect: Charles Correa

58. Plan

59.   DISCRIPTION : THE DUPLEX UNITS ARE ACCESSED EITHER AT GROUND FLOOR LEVELS BY OUTDOOR STAIRCASE. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF FLATS : THE TWO BEDROOM FLAT WITH 84 SQ M , 3M WIDE, 6M HEIGHT WITH TWO FLOOR AND 15M LONG, THE 3 BEDROOM FLAT WITH 130SQ’M THERE ARE JUST 16 THREE BEDROOM FLAT WERE BUILT EACH UNIT PROVIDED OPEN TERRECE WHICH IS PROTECTED BY A PERGOLA AND BIG OVERHEAD. TWO SIDES OF THE PROJECTED ARE CONNECTED BY STAIRCASE. BUILDING

60.   Evaluation: The concept of building allows people to access directly to the interior garden. More than that everyone also has their own open to sky terrace with full shadow by taking advantage of sun, wind direction and open space hence lighting access and ventilation to each dwelling are maximized.

61.   TWO BEDROOM TYPE THE COMPLEX IS FORMED DUE TO THE COMBINATION BETWEEN PAIRS OF ACCOMMODATION UNITS. THE SECOND FLOOR WHICH IS LARGER THAN THE GROUND ONE WITH A BIG OVERHANG THAT RISES FUTHER APPOROXIMARELY 6M GIVE THE MIXTURE BETWEEN SHADOW AND LIGHT MORE THAN THAT THE WHOLE CENTRAL GARDEN IS FULL FILLED WITH SHADOW.

62.   Dwelling typology THE DWELLING ARE GROUPED INTO SOME SMALL AND MEDIUM BLOCKS. SOME BLOCKS ARE ASSEMBLED ONLY BY TWO BEDROOM FLAT , SOME ARE COMBINED BETWEEN TWO BEDROOM TYPE AND THREE BEDROOM TYPE . IT CREATE THE DIVERSITY OF FORM BUT STILL MAINTAINED THE LOGIC OF DWELLING FUNCTIONS.

63.   x The main concept in Tara housing group project is a crea- tive vernacular typology in term of arranging and piling the singular flat into united blocks. By separating with the outside world and providing an interior garden, the build- ing preserves well the private life of families within. More than that, just pedestrians are allowed go inside the hous- ing group and the parking lot is in the back of the build- ing. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| CONCEPT

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