Power Sector at a Glance in India .pptx

This slide are related to renewable energy conversion process. Power Sector at a Glance ALL INDIA.

1. India is the third-largest producer and consumer of electricity worldwide, with an installed power capacity of 442.85 GW as of April 30, 2024.

2. Power Sector at a Glance ALL INDIA

3. Installed GENERATION CAPACITY(FUELWISE) AS ON 31.05.2023 CATAGORY INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY(MW) % of SHARE IN Total Fossil Fuel     Coal 205,235 49.1% Lignite                        6,620                              1.6% Gas 24,824 6.0% Diesel 589 0.1% Total Fossil Fuel 2,37,269 56.8 % Non-Fossil Fuel     RES (Incl. Hydro) 173,619 41.4% Hydro 46,850 11.2 % Wind, Solar & Other RE 125,692 30.2 % Wind 42,868 10.3 % Solar 67,078 16.1 % BM Power/ Cogen 10,248 2.5 % Waste to Energy 554 0.1 % Small Hydro Power 4,944 1.2 % Nuclear 6,780 1.6% Total Non-Fossil Fuel 179,322 43.0% Total Installed Capacity (Fossil Fuel & Non-Fossil Fuel) 4,17,668 100%

4. Total Generation and growth over previous year in the country during 2009-10 to 2023-24 :-

5.   Energy Peak Year Requirement Availability Surplus(+)/Deficts(-) Peak Demand Peak Met Surplus(+) / Deficts(-) (MU) (MU) (MU) (%) (MW) (MW) (MW) (%) 2009-10 8,30,594 7,46,644 -83,950 -10.1 1,19,166 1,04,009 -15,157 -12.7 2010-11 8,61,591 7,88,355 -73,236 -8.5 1,22,287 1,10,256 -12,031 -9.8 2011-12 9,37,199 8,57,886 -79,313 -8.5 1,30,006 1,16,191 -13,815 -10.6 2012-13 9,95,557 9,08,652 -86,905 -8.7 1,35,453 1,23,294 -12,159 -9.0 2013-14 10,02,257 9,59,829 -42,428 -4.2 1,35,918 1,29,815 -6,103 -4.5 2014-15 10,68,923 10,30,785 -38,138 -3.6 1,48,166 1,41,160 -7,006 -4.7 2015-16 11,14,408 10,90,850 -23,558 -2.1 1,53,366 1,48,463 -4,903 -3.2 2016-17  11,42,929 11,35,334 -7,595 -0.7 1,59,542 1,56,934 -2,608 -1.6 2017-18 12,13,326 12,04,697 -8,629 -0.7 1,64,066 1,60,752 -3,314 -2.0 2018-19 12,74,595 12,67,526 -7,070 -0.6 1,77,022 1,75,528 -1,494 -0.8 2019-20 12,91,010 12,84,444 -6,566 -0.5 1,83,804 1,82,533 -1,271 -0.7 2020-21 12,75,534 12,70,663 -4,871 -0.4 1,90,198 1,89,395 -802 -0.4 2021-22 13,79,812 13,74,024 -5,787 -0.4 2,03,014 2,00,539 -2,475 -1.2 2022-23 15,11,847 15,04,264 -7,583 -0.5 2,15,888 2,07,231 -8,657 -4.0 2023-24 2,66,951 2,66,360 -591 -0.2 2,21,370 2,21,347 -23 -0.01 The power supply position in the country during 2009-10 to 2023-24  * Upto May  2023 (Provisional), Source : CEA

6. COAL POWER GENERATION Steam coal, also known as thermal coal, is used in power stations to generate electricity. Coal plays a vital role in electricity generation worldwide. Coal-fired power plants currently fuel 41% of global electricity. In some countries, coal fuels a higher percentage of electricity.

7. The number of major coal-fuelled Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) that are operational in the country is 180. Top 10 Biggest Thermal Power Plants of India Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station, Madhya Pradesh - 4,760MW Mundra Thermal Power Station, Gujarat - 4,620MW Mundra Ultra Mega Power Plant, Gujarat Sasan Ultra Mega Power Plant, Madhya Pradesh- 3,960 MW Tiroda Thermal Power Plant, Maharashtra - 3300 MW. Talcher Super Thermal Power Station, Odisha - 3000MW. Rihand Thermal Power Station, Uttar Pradesh Sipat Thermal Power Plant, Chhattisgarh Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station, Maharashtra NTPC Dadri , Uttar Pradesh

8. Advantages of Thermal Power Plants The fuel used in thermal power plants, such as coal, is quite cheap. It is easy to make energy from thermal power plants. A thermal power plant has a lower startup cost than other generation plants. Less space is needed for thermal power plants than for other hydroelectric power plants. Compared to a diesel power plant, the thermal power station has lower power generation costs. Because coal can be delivered to the location of the power plant, thermal power plants can be built anywhere, regardless of the availability of coal . Disadvantages of Thermal Power Plant On average, Thermal power plants have low efficiency. Thermal power plants are also responsible for air pollution and poor air quality index because they produce smoke and other pollutants. Compared to hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants have greater operating costs. Thermal power plants require high maintenance costs. A large amount of water is required by thermal plants for water stream conversion.

9. Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants The energy efficiency of conventional thermal power stations is the saleable energy produced as a percentage of the fuel's heating value consumed. Simple cycle gas turbines achieve energy conversion efficiencies between 20 to 35%. Typical coal-based power plants at high steam pressures and temperatures operate at 35 to 38% efficiency, while state-of-the-art fossil fuel plants reach 46% efficiency. Combined-cycle systems can achieve even higher efficiencies. Efficiency is limited by the laws of thermodynamics, and Carnot efficiency suggests higher temperatures lead to higher efficiencies. Sub-critical pressure fossil fuel power stations can achieve 36-40% efficiency, while supercritical designs reach low to mid-40%. New "ultra critical" designs with higher pressures and multiple-stage reheat can reach 45-48% efficiency .

10. Factors that Determine the Location of a Thermal Power Plant The selection of the Thermal Power Plant's location depends on certain socio-economic and engineering factors. Some factors responsible for the location of the Thermal Power Plants in India are listed below. Availability of Water The condenser and steam turbine require a significant volume of water, which must be converted into steam. Thermal power plants should be situated along a riverbank or close to a canal to have a constant supply of water. Transportation Facilities For the transfer of equipment and materials, thermal power plants should have an appropriate road and rail network. Near the Load Center The power station should be close to the load centre to reduce the cost of electrical energy transmission. Availability of Raw Materials & Supplies The accessibility to vendors and suppliers of raw materials, parts, tools, and equipment is important. Therefore, a thermal power plant should be constructed close to the availability of raw materials and supplies .

11. Facilities of Ash Disposal Facilities Ash is formed after burning coal at a rate of 20% to 40% of the weight, or 1500 to 2000 tonnes per day, and as a result, it poses a more serious problem because it is very corrosive and emerges in hot temperatures. As a result, there needs to be enough room to dispose of significant amounts of ash. Availability of Land The usual amount of land needed is 3 to 4 hectares for each Megawatt of power. The price of the land contributes to the entire cost of the power plant, so it should be cost-effective, which means that it should be located outside of the city centre and with good bearing capacity. Coal Availability The necessary amount of coal is needed to create electrical energy. Thermal power plants should be close to coal mines to reduce fuel transportation costs.

12. Hydroelectric Power Plants A hydroelectric power plant is a facility that uses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity. The water is typically channeled through a dam or other structure. It then passes through a turbine, which spins a generator to create electricity. 

13. Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plants In India, Hydropower projects are divided into large and small hydropower projects based on their size. Large hydropower projects are generally those with an installed capacity of over 25 megawatts (MW) and typically involve the construction of large dams, reservoirs, and powerhouses . Small hydropower plants have a capacity of 25MW or less and fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of New and Renewable  Energy  (MNRE).  Hydroelectric power plants in India play a pivotal role in India's energy sector. They deliver clean and renewable electricity to millions. There are 197 hydroelectric power plants in India. I t ranks 5th in the world in terms of potential hydropower capacity. India has made remarkable progress in constructing and operating these plants. 

14. ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER: