Power system - transformer basic information.pptx

Basic information of transformer.

1. Kavikulguru Institute Of Technology And Science, Ramtek . Department Of Electrical Engineering B.Tech 4 th Semester Activity – Power Systems Name of Student : Nishant Lambat Roll No. : EL22008

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Construction of Transformer Working of Transformer Losses in Transformer Power and Distribution Transformer Step-up and Step-down Transformer Conclusion Reference

3. INTRODUCTION Transformer : An AC (alternating current) device transformer is an essential component in electrical systems, commonly used for voltage transformation and isolation. It consists of two or more coils of wire, known as primary and secondary windings, wound around, a core typically made of ferromagnetic material such as iron or steel. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic field in the core, which induces voltage in the secondary winding through electromagnetic Induction.

4. CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSFORMER A transformer consists of two or more coils of insulated wire wound around a core made of ferromagnetic material. The primary coil connected to the input voltage source.
Their is secondary winding on the other side of core. It is connected to load. The core is typically made of laminated sheets to reduce eddy current losses. Finally the transformer is enclosed in a protective casting to insulate the coils and core from environmental factors.

5. A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it produces a changing magnetic field in the iron core.
This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil through electromagnetic induction.
As a result, the transformer efficiently transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another at the desired voltage level. WORKING OF TRANSFORMER

6. LOSSES IN TRANSFORMER In a transformer, losses can occur due to various factors : 1. Copper Losses : Also known as I²R losses, occur in the windings of the transformer due to the resistance of the copper wire. When current flows through the windings, it encounters resistance, resulting in heat generation. 2. Iron Losses : These losses, also called core losses or hysteresis losses, occur due to the magnetization and demagnetization of the transformer core as the magnetic field alternates. This process causes energy loss in the form of heat. 3. Stray Losses : Stray losses occur due to leakage fluxes in the transformer. These fluxes do not link both primary and secondary windings fully, leading to energy loss in the surrounding materials.

7. On the basis of applications, transformers are classified as follows- 1 . Power transformer - Large in size and designed to handle high Power. levels. It is used to step- up voltage for long distance transmission. It is typically found in substations. 2. Distribution transformer - Small in size and designed to handle low power levels. It is used to step-down voltage for local distribution of electricity. It is commonly installed in utility pole. POWER AND DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

8. On the basis of primary and Secondary voltages, transformers are classified as follows – 1] Step-up transformer – The voltage across secondary is greater than primary. Similarly, number of secondary turns are greater than that of primary. 2] Step-down transformer – The voltage across primary winding is greater than secondary. Similarly, number of primary turns are greater than that of secondary. STEPUP AND STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER

9. REFERENCES We have visited following websites for getting extra information about the overall construction, working and functions of transformer discussed. www.google.com www.pinterest.com www.wikipedia.com