powerelectronics-introduction-Final.pptx

It's an introduction to the subject domain of Power Electronics in the B.Sc. Electrical Engineering
It is a brief Introduction.

1. POWER ELECTRONICS Introduction Engr.M Kashif Iqbal DEPT. O F ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,MNS UET MULTAN [email protected]

2. Conten t s: Definition Rapid Growth Comparison: PE & SP Interdisciplinary Nature Contributing Areas General Structure Power Processor H i story of PE Classification of PE devices Power Semiconductor Switches Symbolic Representation 2

3. Conten t s: PE Switching Devices PE System Scope of PE Power and Frequency Rating Characteristics of Ideal Switch Advantages of PE Converters Drawbacks of PE PE Applications References 3

4. Definition: Power Electronics is the subject concerning the application of principles of electronics at high rated power levels and not signal levels. It is the technology of conversion, control and conditioning of electric power into a desired electrical output. It is the conglomeration of control system, electronics and power systems. 4

5. Rapid Growth Rapid growth of Power Electronics is due to: Advances in power (semiconductor) switches –Advances in microelectronics (DSP, VLSI, microprocessor/microcontroller) New ideas in control algorithms Demand for new applications 5

6. Comparison: PE & Signal Processing  In Power Electronics — The focus is on power conversion at the highest possible efficiency using very small control signals. Semiconductor devices work as switches. Power handled may range from a few watts to several mega-watts.  In Signal Processing — Semiconductor devices generally work as controlled sources in the linear region of their characteristics. The focus is on information processing with minimum loss of information. Power handled will be of the order of few milli-watts or few watts. 6

7. Interdisciplinary Nature of Power Electronics  Range of power scale : 7

8. Contributing Areas  Electronics – Deals with solid – state devices and signal processing circuits.  Power System – Deals with static and rotating power equipment.  Control System – Deals with steady state and dynamic characteristics of closed – loop system. 8

9. General Structure of Power Electronic System 9

10. Power Processor 10

11. History of Power Electronic Devices 11

12. History of PE  1882: J. Jasmin (French) discovered semiconductance.  1892: L. Arons (German) invented the first mercury arc vacuum valve.  1901: P. C. Hewitt (U.S) developed the first arc valve.  1906: J. A. Fleming (U.S) invented the first vacuum diode.  1907: L. Forest (U.S) invented vacuum triode.  1921: F. W. Meyer (German) formulated the main principles of power electronics.  1948: J. Bardeen, W. H. Brattain and W. B. Shockley (U.S) invented transistor.  1960: J. Moll (U.S) & team invented silicon – based thyristors.  1975 – 90: MOSFET, UJT, GTO were developed.  1990s: IGBT was developed. 12

13. Classification of Power Electronic Devices 1 3

14. Classification by Control Power Electronics Uncontrolled device: diode (2 terminals, uncontrolled by control signal) Half – controlled device: thyristor (turned on by control signal but turned off by power circuit) Fully – controlled device: Power MOSFET, IGBT, GTO, IGCT (on and off both by control signals) 1 4

15. Other Category Classification 1 5

16. Devices under Categories 1 6

17. Power Semiconductor Switches  Power Diodes P – N Junction Diode Fast Recovery Diode Schottky Diode  Power Transistor Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) Insulated Gate Biased Transistor (IGBT) Unijunction Transistor (UJT ) 1 7

18. Symbol Representation 18

19. Power Electronic Switching Devices 19

20. Power Electronics Converters 2

21. Types of Converters 2 1

22. Power Electronic Converters 2 2

23. Power and Frequency Rating of Power Devices 2 3

24. Characteristics of Ideal Switch  Turns On – Off in zero time.  ON state, Zero voltage drop, High current.  OFF state, Zero current flow. Withstand high voltage.  Zero power dissipation.  Little power for controlling.  High reliability.  Small size and weight.  No maintenance. 2 4

25. Advantages of Power Electronic Converters  High efficiency  High reliability  Long life and less maintenance  Fast dynamic response  Small size and less weight & cost. 2 5

26. Drawbacks of Power Electronics  Harmonics generating tendency  Power regeneration is difficult  Low overload capacity.  AC – DC & AC – AC converters operate at low i/p power factors. 26

27. Power Electronics Applications 27

28. Applications:  Industrial  Transportation  Utility systems  Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment  Residential and home appliances  Space technology  Other applications 28

29. Sector wise Applications:  Industrial applications Motor drives Electrolysis Electroplating Induction heating  Transportation applications Trains & locomotives Magnetic levitation Electric vehicles Automotive electronics 29

30. Sector wise Applications:  Utility systems High-voltage dc transmission(HVDC) Flexible ac transmission(FACTS) Static VAR ( volt-ampere reactive ) compensation & harmonics suppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APF Custom power & power quality control  Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment Telecommunications Computers Office equipment Electronic instruments 3

31. Sector wise Applications:  Residential and home appliances Lighting Heating Air conditioning Refrigeration & freezers Cooking Cleaning  Space Technology Spaceship power systems Satellite power systems Space vehicle power systems 3 1

32. Sector wise Applications:  Other Applications Nuclear reactor control Power systems for particle accelerators Environmental engineering 3 2

33. References Power Electronics by Daniel W.Hart Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications 3rd Edition, Muhammad H. Rashid. Introduction to Modern Power Electronics, by Andrzej M.Trzynadlowski 33