Powerpoint presentation on CEMENT {PPT}

Cement is a mixture on calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances.
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1. CEMENT

2. Topics To Be Covered

3. Introduction Mixture of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances It helps in fill voids between fine & course aggregate. It have adhesive and cohesive properties. It is popular as building material It binds fine & course aggregate together.

4. Characteristics Of Cement Color should be grey with greenish shade It feels smooth when touched It feel cool and warm when hand inserted in bag of Cement. It should free from hard lumps When immersed in water, it sinks should not float. Color should be grey with greenish shade It feels smooth when touched Paste of cement feel sticky It should free from hard lumps When immersed in water, it sinks should not float.

5. Properties Of Cement Physical Properties Mechanical properties Chemical Properties Strength to masonry Compressive strength :- Loss of Ignition < 4% Excellent binding material At end of 3 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm Sulphur content < 2.75% Easily workable At end of 7 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm Weight of Insoluble residue < 1.50 % Offers good resistance Tensile strength :- Possesses a good plasticity At end of 3 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm Weight of magnesia < 1.50% Stiffens or hardens early At end of 7 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm

6. Site For Cement Factory Climatic Condition Labour Market Power Raw Material Transport facilities Climatic Condition Labour Market Power Raw Material Transport facilities

7. Manufacture Of Ordinary Cement

8. Mixing of Raw Material

9. DRY PROCESS Raw material reduced to size 25 mm in crusher Dry air passed over dried material Then dried material put in ball or tube mill and become fine powder. Note :- All operations done separately for each raw material Now they stored in hopper . Mixed in correct proportions and made ready for rotary kiln We get ground powder is know as raw mix.

10. WET PROCESS

11. BURNING Raw mix Feed into a preheating tower where it is heated. As raw meal moves downwards by gravity, and hot gases resulting from the fuel combustion. The rotary kiln move upwards Kiln feed is heated from approximately 80°C up to 850°C, During this process, the emitted gases - which include CO 2  - are cooled down from 1,050°C to 350°C Afterwards to dry out the wet raw materials during the grinding process.

12. GRINDING The cooling stage, gypsum is added to the clinker and The mix is then finely ground to a form of grey powder called "cement" in a finishing mill. Which is similar to a raw material mill but relatively larger in size.  

13. Ball Mill & Tube Mill

14. Field Test For Cement

15. Colour – It should be uniform that is grey with greenish shade. It is indication of excess of lime or clay. Physical properties – It should feel smooth, and it should sink not float when throw in bucket of water. Thin paste of cement fell sticky. Presence of Lumps – Cement should be free from hard lumps. Lumps formed due to absorption of moisture. Strength – Cement is used in different quantity with different size of blocks or bricks. Thick paste of cement with water is made for the thick glass and kept for 24 hours.

16. Varieties of Cement Acid-resistant cement Blast Furnace cement Coloured cement Expanding cement High alumina cement Hydrophobic cement Low heat cement Pozzolana cement Quick setting cement Rapid hardening cement Extra rapid hardening cement Sulphate resisting cement White cement

17. Conclusion Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently and can bind other material together.

18. THANK YOU