powers of judges under Criminal procedure code.pptx

The hierarchy of judges in criminal law outlines the structured levels of judicial authority within the court system. Here's a brief description of each level:

Supreme Court: The highest court with the authority to review and make final decisions on appeals from lower courts. It ensures uniformity and consistency in the interpretation of criminal law.

Court of Appeals: Intermediate appellate courts that review decisions made by lower courts to determine if there were legal errors. They do not conduct trials but assess the application of law in prior proceedings.

Trial Courts (e.g., District or Circuit Courts): Courts where criminal trials are conducted. Judges in these courts preside over trials, determine the admissibility of evidence, and render verdicts. They handle both felony and misdemeanor cases.

Magistrates and Municipal Judges: These lower-level judges handle less serious offenses, preliminary hearings, and bail decisions. They may also manage minor criminal cases and preliminary stages of more serious cases.

Specialized Courts (e.g., Drug Courts, Juvenile Courts): Focus on specific types of criminal cases, offering specialized procedures and sentencing options to address unique issues, such as substance abuse or juvenile delinquency.

1. Criminal procedure code Soharwardia rawadia

2. Chapter 3: POWERS OF COURTS INTRODUCTION : This chapter describe the powers of courts to take cognizance of offences. COGNIZANCE: The expression "taking cognizance of offence" in its broad and literal sense means  taking notice of an offence. Offences are of two types,

3. PROVISIONS: From section 28 to 41

4. JURISDICTION IN CASES OF JUVENILE

5. Offences not punishable with death

6. Power of high court and sessions judges

7. Sentences which magistrate may pass

8. conclusion